From Marilyn_Ostergren@nps.gov Terms I've used as keywords: abandoned mine lands (AML) ablation (glacial) Acanthamoeba tubiashi (amoeba) Acanthocladia guadalupensis (Bryozoa) Accipiter (hawk genus) acclimitization accretion Achnatherum hymenoides acid fog acid mine drainage acid neutralizing capacity acid rain acidification acidity Acmaeoderopsis chisoensis (buprestid beetle) acoustic monitoring Acropora prolifera (coral) Acteocina candei (gastropod) active photosynthetic radiation activity level adaptation adlittoral zone Aedes (Ochlerotatus) tahoensis (mosquito) Aedes taeniorhynchus (saltmarsh mosquito) aeolian aeolian fans aerial photographs aerial photography aerial surveys aeromagnetism aerosols African pompano (Alectis ciliaris) Africanized honey bee Agaricia agaricites (lettuce coral) agarics Agathymus carlsbadensis (skipper) Agathymus mariae (skipper) agave (Agave) agave threeband (Humboldtiana agavophila) age distribution agglutinate agriculture Agrilus (Buprestid beetle) Agriochoerus (prehistoric oreodont) air circulation air pollution air quality Air Quality Related Values (AQRVs) air temperature aircraft Aitken particles Alabama snowwreath (Neviusia alabamensis) Alamosaurus (sauropod) (prehistoric reptile) alaskite albatross aglaja (Melanochlamys diomedea) albatrosses (Diomedeidae) albedo albino alder (Alnus) alder flea beetle (Microhaltica ambiens) alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) algae algal blooms algal flats algerita (Mahonia trifoliolata) aliphatic hydrocarbons alkali alkali mariposa lily (Calochortus striatus) alkali sacaton (Sporobolus airoides) alkaline rocks alkalinity alkaloids allanite Allegheny blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis) Allegheny chinkapin (Castanea pumila) Allen's hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin) allergens alligator juniper (Juniperus deppeana) alligator snapping turtle (Macroclemys temminckii) alligator thrips (Amynothrips andersoni) alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) alligatorweed flea beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) alligatorweed stem borer (Vogtia malloi) allochthonous Allocyon (prehistoric canid genus) Allomyine (prehistoric rodent) alluvium almandines alpha radiation alpine chipmunk (Tamias alpinus) alpine timothy (Phleum alpinum) alpine zone although some occur in decaying matter and elsewhere. altithermal (Cascade phase) aluminum (Al) Amanitaceae (mushroom family) American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) American avocet (Recurvirostra americana) American badger (Taxidea taxus) American basswood (Tilia americana) American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) American beaver (Castor canadensis) American beech (Fagus grandifolia) American bison (Bos bison) (Memo) American black duck (Anas rubripes) American black oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) American chestnut (Castanea dentata) American coot (Fulica americana) American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) American dunegrass (Leymus mollis ssp. mollis) American dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum) American elm (Ulmus americana) American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) American kestrel (Falco sparverius) American larch (Larix laricina) American mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) American marten (Martes americana) American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) American pika (Ochotona princeps) American robin (Turdus migratorius) American ruby spot (Hetaerina americana) American searocket (Cakile edentula) American smelt (Osmerus mordax) American swallow-tailed kite (Elanoides forficatus) American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) American troutlily (Erythronium americanum) American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) American witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Ammatomus icariodes (wasp) ammonia (NH3) ammonites ? ammonium (NH4) ammonoids (Ammonoidea) amoeba (Amoebina) amphibians (Amphibia) amphiboles amphibolite facies amphipods (Amphipoda) anadromous fish anadromous fishery Anapisona bordeaux (anapid spider) anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) anatexis anatomy anchoring andalusite Anderida peorinella (snout moth) andesite anhydrite animal behavior animal names (Native American) animal tracks animals anions Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna) annosus root and butt rot (Heterobasidion annosum) Anopina texasana (tortricid moth) antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) antibodies antigens Antillean crested hummingbird (Orthorhyncus cristatus) antilocaprid (prehistoric antelope) antimycin antlers ants (Formicidae) Apache pocket mouse (Perognathus flavescens apache) Apacheplume (Fallugia paradoxa) apatite Apatolestes actites (a pangoniine horse fly) Aphelocoma (jay genus) aphids (Aphididae) Aphrastochthonius pachysetus (pseudoscorpion) aplite aplodontids (prehistoric rodent) Apodemia mormo (metalmark butterfly) Aponomma elaphensis (tick) apple (Malus sylvestris) apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) aquaculture aquatic aquatic snails aquatic worms (Oligochaeta) aquifers arachnids (Arachnida) aragonite Arbotect (fungicide) Arceuthobium vaginatum (dwarf mistletoe) Archaeohippus (prehistoric horse) Archaeotherium (prehistoric entelodont) Archeolarca cavicola (pseudoscorpion) Archeolarca guadalupensis (pseudoscorpion) Archeolarca welbourni (pseudoscorpion) archeological excavations archeological sites archeological survey arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) arctic loon (Gavia arctica) arctic tern (Sterna paradiseae) argillization Arizona fivespined engraver beetle (Ips lecontei) Arizona prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis nuntius) Arkansas yucca (Yucca arkansana) arrow worms (Chaetognatha) Arsenal (pesticide) arsenic (As) artesian wells arthropod fallout arthropods (Arthropoda) artiodactyls (Artiodactyla) ash (Fraxinus) ash flows ash yellows (MLO infection) Ashmunella (land snails) ashy storm-petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa) asian clam (Corbicula manilensis) asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) aspect (direction facing) aspen (Populus) aspen groves aspen leaf roller assassin & thread-legged bugs (Reduviidae) Astalotesia bucurvata (inchworm moth) Aster laevis Astragalus filipes (milkvetch) Astragalus gypsodes (Legumonosae) Astragalus monumentalis (milkvetch) Astragalus purshii (milkvetch) Astropecten articulatus (starfish) Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) Atlantic hawksbill (Eretomochelys imbricata) Atlantic leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea coriaceae) Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) Atlantic mud crab (Panopeus herbsti) Atlantic rangia (Rangea cuneata) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Atlantic sand crab (Emerita talpoida) Atlantic sand fiddler (Uca pugilator) Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) atlas atmospheric pressure attapulgite attitudes attractants audio recording aufwuchs auks, murres & puffins (Alcidae) auricled twayblade (Listera auriculata) avalanches avulsion awlwort (Subularia aquatica) axis deer (Cervus axis) azalea (Rhododendron) Aztec thrush (Ridgwayia pinicola) azure bluets (Houstonia caerulea) Babesia microti (protozoa) Baccharis halimifolia Baccharis pteronioides Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) Bacillus thuringiensis (bacteria) Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (BTI) (bacteria) backcountry backcountry permits backcountry shelters bacteria Baetis magnus (mayfly) bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) ballooning spiders balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae) bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) band-tailed pigeon (Columba fasciata) banding Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) barberry (Berberis) Barbeyella minutissima (a myxomycete) Barbourofelis (prehistoric cat) barite barium (Ba) bark bark beetles (Scolytidae) bark stripping barley (Hordeum) barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) barnacles (Cirripedia) barred owl (Strix varia) barrier islands basal sliding basalts Basidiomycota (fungi division) basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus) basins (geologic) bass bassanite bastard cherry (Malpighia linearis) bat ray (Myliobatis californica) batholiths bathymetry bats (Chiroptera) bayberry (Myrica) bays & sounds beach dynamics beach grasses beach morningglory (Ipomoea imperati) beach pinweed (Lechea maritima) beach profiles beach tidytips (Layia carnosa) beaches beachgrass (Ammophila) beachgrass scale (Eriococcus carolinae) beans beard-tongue (Penstemon laevigatus) Beardslee trout beargrass (Nolina) bears (Ursidae) bedbugs (Cimicidae) bedrock beebalm (Monarda) beech bark disease beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga) Beechy ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) bees (Apoidea) bees, ants & wasps (Hymenoptera) beetles (Coleoptera) begging Belding's ground squirrel (Spermophilus beldingi) bell's vireo (Vireo bellii) bellerophontid gastropods (prehistoric) Belostoma confusum (giant water bug) benchmarks Bendire's Thrasher (Toxostoma bendirei) Benedictia (Lamellicorn beetle family) beneficial use (dredged material) bent-nosed macoma (Macoma nasuta) benthos bentonite bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Bertelia dupla (snout moth) beryllium (Be) best management practices bethylid wasps (Bethylidae) Bewick's wren (Thryomanes bewickii) bibliography bicarbonate (HCO3-) bicycling Big Bend bluegrass (Poa strictiramea) Big Bend ceratopisan (Chasmosaurus mariscalensis) Big Bend foxtail cactus (Escobaria dasyacantha var. dasyacantha) Big Bend Gambusia (Gambusia gaigei) Big Bend gecko (Coleonyx reticulatus) Big Bend slider (Chrysemys scripta gaigeae) big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) big free-tailed bat (Tadarida macrotis) big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) bigleaf snowbell (Styrax grandifolius) bigmouth chub (Nocomis platyrhynchus) bigpod lady's nightcap (Bonamia ovalifolia) Bill Williams' Mountain giant hyssop (Agastache pallidiflora) bioassay biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biochemistry biodiversity biogeochemistry biogeography bioherms biological controls biology biomass biomes biomonitoring Biosphere Reserves biostratigraphy Biotic Condition Index biotite birdfoot cactus (Escobaria minima) birdfoot violet (Viola pedata) birds birds (Aves) birdsong birdwatching birth control Bishop pine (Pinus muricata) Bishop pine forest bismuth (Bi) biting midges, punkies, no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, punkies, or no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae) bitter panicgrass (Panicum amarum) bitterroot (Lewisia) Bituberochemes (pseudoscorpion genus) bivalves (Bivalvia) black band disease (BBD) black bear (Ursus americanus) black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus) black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapillus) black cherry (Prunus serotina) black-chinned hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) black-chinned sparrow (Spizella atrogularis) black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa) black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) black drum (Pogonias cromis) Black-faced Grassquit (Tiaris bicolor) black flies or buffalo gnats (Simuliidae) black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) black guillemot (Cepphus grylle) black-nosed bat (Myotis subulatus melanorhinus) black oak (Quercus velutina) black oak woodland Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta) black-shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus) black skimmer (Rynchops niger niger) black storm-petrel (Oceanodroma melania) black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus) black-throated gray warbler (Dendroica nigrescens) black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens) black-throated sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata) black turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus terebrans) black-vented oriole (Icterus wagleri) black walnut (Juglans nigra) black willow (Salix nigra) blackbelly salamander (Desmognathus quadramaculatus) blackberry (Rubus) blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica) blackheaded grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus) blackhood snake (Tantilla rubra cucullata) blades (geology) Blancan blister glassy-bubble (Haminoea vesicula) blister rust blood bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) blooming period Blotched gambusia (Gambusia senilis) blowholes (geology) blowing sand blue basalt blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) blue crab (Callinectes) blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium) blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) blue-gray gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) blue-green algae blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) blue land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) Blue Ridge blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum) blue-throated hummingbird (Lampornis clemenciae) blue-tongue disease blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) blue-winged teal (Anas discors) blue-winged warbler (Vermivora pinus) bluebottle fly (Calliphora vomitoria) bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. spicata) bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) bluegrass (Poa) bluntnose shiner (Notropis simus) boardwalks boating boats bobcat (Lynx rufus) body temperature Bolander's quillwort (Isoetes bolanderi) bones bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) Bonneville flood booklice (Psocoptera) boquillas sandmat (Chamaesyce golondrina) boron (B) bot & warble flies (Oestridae) Botta's pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Bouguer anomalies boundaries bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) boxelder (Acer negundo) brachiopods (Brachiopoda) Brachysomida brunnea (long-horned beetle) bracket fungi brackish marshes Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) Brant (Branta bernicla) Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) breccia Breckenridgia (isopod) breeding Brewer's bittercress (Cardamine breweri) brickelbush (Flyriella) bridges Bridled Quail-dove (Geotrygon mystaceae) bristlecone fir (Abies bracteata) bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) brittle bladderfern (Cystopteris fragilis) broad flounder (Paralichthys squamilentus) broad-footed mole (Scapanus latimanus) broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) broadbanded water snake (Nerodia fasciata confluens) broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia) broadleaf woodland brome (Bromus) bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) bronze copper (Hyllolycaena hyllus) bronzed cowbird (Molothrus aeneus) brooding brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) broom crowberry (Corema conradii) brown algae (Phaeophyceae) Brown Creeper (Certhia familiaris) brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) brown salt marsh mosquito (Aedes cantator) brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) brown trout (Salmo trutta) browsing brucellosis (disease) Brunton surveys brush-footed butterflies (Nymphalidae) brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani) bryophytes (Bryophyta) bryozoa buckeyes (Aesculus) buckeyes (Junonia) buckwheat (Eriogonum) buff-breasted flycatcher (Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus) buffaloberry (Shepherdia) bugs (Hemiptera) bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) bullhead catfishes (Ictaluridae) bumblebees (Bombus) bunchberry dogwood (Cornus canadensis) buoys burbot (Lota lota) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burgess' broomsage (Lepidospartum burgessii) burls burro (Equus asinus) burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) burrows burying beetle (Nicrophorus hecate) bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus) Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) bushy St. Johnswort (Hypericum densiflorum) bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea) buteos (hawk group) buttercup (Ranunculus) butterflies & moths (Lepidoptera) butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) buttes button mangrove (Conocarpus erectus) Cacodylic acid (pesticide) cacti (Cactaceae) cactus apple (Opuntia engelmannii) cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) caddis worm caddisflies (Trichoptera) cadmium (Cd) Caecossina (weevil genus) calc-alkalic composition calcic soils calcite calcium (Ca) calcium carbonate caldera lakes calderas caliche California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) California brown pelican (Pelicanus occidentalis californicus) California false hellebore (Veratrum californicum) California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera) California freshwater shrimp (Syncaris pacifica) California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) California juniper (Juniperus californica) California king snake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae) California laurel (Umbellularia) California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotus californicus) California manroot (Marah fabaceus) California myotis (Myotis californicus) California newt (Taricha torosa) California nutmeg (Torreya californica) California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) California quail (Callipepla californica) California red fir (Abies magnifica) California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytoni) California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus) California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) California silverbush (Argythamnia californica) California Towhee (Pipilo fuscus) California valley quail (Lophortyx californicus californicus) California woodpecker Californiulus yosemitensis (millipede) Cambarus sciotensis (crayfish) Cambrian Camelops (prehistoric mammal) camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) Camissonia campfires campgrounds camping campion (Lychnis) campsites Canada goose (Branta canadensis) Canadian lily (Lilium canadense) Canadian lousewort (Pedicularis canadensis) Canadian serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis) Canadian thistle (Cirsium arvense) Canadian white violet (Viola canadensis) canals Candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) candidate species Canimartes (prehistoric weasel-skunk) Canis rurestris (prehistoric dog) canker fungi (Botryodiplodia theobromae) canoeing canopy canopy gaps canyon lizard (Sceloporus merriami) canyon tree frog (Hyla arenicolor) canyons capes capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) caprellids (Caprellida) captive breeding captive rearing capture carbaryl carbon (C) carbon cycle carbon dioxide (CO2) carbon monoxide (CO) carbonates Carboniferous carcasses cardinalflower (Conocarpus erectus) Carex lativena (sedge) Carex tomphinsii Caribbean dry forest Caribbean seagrass (Halophila decipiens) Carmen mountains white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus carminis) Carnivores (Carnivora) carnivores (meat-eaters) Carolina buckthorn (Frangula caroliniana) Carolina desertchicory (Pyrrhopappus carolinianus) Carolina rose (Rosa carolina) Carolina saltmarsh snake (Nerodia sipedon) Carolina springbeauty (Claytonia caroliniana) carpenter ants (Camponotini) carpenter bees (Xylocopa) carpenter moths (Cossidae) carpet foxtail cactus (Escobaria sneedii var. leei) carps & minnows (Cyprinidae) carrion community carrying capacity cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) Castetter's milkvetch (Astragalus castetteri) castings Catalpa catastrophism catch rates catclaw acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii) caterpillars catfish (Siluriformes) cations cats (domestic) cats (Felidae) cattails (Typha) cattle cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) Caulerpa (algae) cave cricket (Ceuthophilus stygius) cave crickets & camel crickets (Ceuthophilus) cave management cave myotis (Myotis velifer) cave pools cave popcorn (speleothem) cave restoration cave salamander (Eurycea lucifuga) cave swallow (Hirundo fulva) caves caving cedar apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginanae) celestite cell division Celtis obliquifolia (hackberry) cement (geologic) Cenozoic census points Centhothrombium cavaticum (Acari) centipedes (Chilopoda) Centruroides pantheriensis (scorpion) Centruroides vittatus (scorpion) century plant Cephaloziellaceae (liverwort family) Ceratium hircus (algae) cercal sensory system Cerceris (digger wasp) Cercidiphyllum (prehistoric tree) Ceroplastes irregularis (scale insect) cesium (Cs) Ceuthophilus (cave crickets) Ceuthophilus carlsbadensis (cave cricket) Ceuthophilus conicaudus (cave cricket) Ceuthophilus longipes (cave cricket) chachalaca (Ortalis) Chaetodactylus krombeini (mite) Chaetonotus triacanthus (paucitubulatine chaetonotid gastrotrich) Chaffey's foxtail cactus (Escobaria dasyacantha var. chaffeyi) chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) Chamaesyce chaetocalyx var. chaetocalyx champion trees channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Chanterelle waxy cap (Hygrophorus cantharellus) chaparral char (Salvelinus) Charadra ingenua (Noctuid moth) charcoal cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) checkered beetle family (Cleridae) checkered garter snake (Thamnophis marcianus) checkered whiptail (Cnemidophorus tesselatus) checklist Chelonia (prehistoric turtle) chemical oxygen demand (COD) chemistry chemosynthesis chemotaxonomy chert chestnut (Castanea) chestnut blight (Endothia parasitica) chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) chevroned waterhyacinth weevil (Neochetina bruchi) chiggers (Trombiculidae) Chihuahua shiner (Notropis chihuahua) China venturiella moss (Venturiella sinensis) Chinaberrytree (Melia azedarach) Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) chipmunks (Tamias) Chisos hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana var. chisosensis) Chisos Mountain century plant (Agave glomeruliflora) Chisos Mountain crested coralroot (Hexalectris revoluta) Chisos Mountain hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus chisoensis) Chisos Mountain oak (Quercus graciliformis) Chisos Mountain pinweed (Lechea mensalis) Chisos mountains metalmark (Apodemia chisoensis) Chisos nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis oberholseri) Chisos vireo (Vireo huttoni carolinae) Chlorella vulgaris (algae) chloride (Cl-) chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCB, DDE, HCB) chlorinated phenolics chlorine (Cl) chlorites chlorophyll cholera cholinesterase cholla & prickly pear (Opuntia) chordata chromium (Cr) chromosomes chronological periods (periodization) chronostratigraphic boundaries Chrysemys (prehistoric turtle) Chrysolina gemellata (Klamath weed beetle) Chrysolina hyperici (Klamath weed beetle) Chrysolina quadrigemina (Klamath weed beetle) Chrysoperla rufilabris (insect) chrysophycean cysts chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) cicada (Cicadidae) Cicindela Dorsalis media (tiger beetle) Cicindela Lepida (tiger beetle) Cicindela politula (tiger beetle) Cicinoda politula laetipennis Ciconia maltha (prehistoric stork) cinder cones circannian rhythms circulation (water) cirques Cirsium (thistle) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Cladophora (algae) Cladrastis oregonensis (prehistoric tree) clams clapper rail (Rallus longirostris) clarity (water) Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) clasping jewelflower (Streptanthus maculatus) clasping Venus' lookingglass (Triodanis perfoliata var. perfoliata) classification clastic reservoirs clay clay dunes Clean Air Act Clean Water Act cleanup Clemmys (prehistoric turtle) cliff fendlerbush (Fendlera rupicola) cliff-hanging hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus species) cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) cliffs climate climate change climatic water budget climbing (recreational) closures clothes moths (Tineidae) cloud condensation nuclei cloud cover cloud seeding clouds cloudwater Clunio (midge genus) Cnemidophorus exsanguis (whiptail lizard) Cnemidophorus neomexicanus (whiptail lizard) Cnemidophorus sacki (whiptail lizard) Cnidaria (hydras, jellyfish, corals) coachwhip snake (Masticophis flagellum) coal coast tarweed (Madia sativa) Coastal Barriers Resources Act coastal dynamics coastal plain willow (Salix caroliniana) coastal prairie coastal regions coastal sage scrub coastal sand verbena (Abronia latifolia) coastal sandbur (Cenchrus incertus) coastal scrub coastal scrub wattle (Acacia minuta ssp. minuta) coastal woodfern (Dryopteris arguta) coastal zone management Coastal Zone Management Act cobalt (Co) cobble beaches cochineal insect (Dactylopius confusus) Cochise scaly cloakfern (Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. cochisensis) cock's spur (Erythrina eggersii) cockles (Clinocardium) cockroaches (Blattodea) Codium (seaweed) codling moth (Clydia pomonella) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) coliform bacteria Colima warbler (Vermivora crissalis) collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) collecting permits Collins' sedge (Carex collinsii) colonies (birds) colonization Colorado chipmunk (Tamias quadrivittatus) coloration Columbian black-tailed deer Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) Columbian white-tailed deer columbine (Aquilegia) comancheite Comanchelus (desert millipede) comb-footed spiders (Argyrodes) common barn owl (Tyto alba) common beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax) common black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) common blue violet (Viola sororia) common brain coral (Diploria strigosa) common carp (Cyprinus carpio) common cave cricket (Hadenoecus subterraneus) common chickweed (Stellaria media) common daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) common egret (Casmerodius albus) common eider (Somateria mollissima) common fireweed (Kochia scoparia) common goldstar (Hypoxis hirsuta) common gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) common loon (Gavia immer) common maidenhair (Adiantum capillus-veneris) common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) common mullein (Verbascum thapsus) common murre (Uria aalge) common muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) common net-spinning caddisfly (Hydropsyche brunneipennis) common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) common pawpaw (Asimina triloba) common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) common poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) common porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) common raccoon (Procyon lotor) common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) common raven (Corvus corax) common reed (Phragmites australis) common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) common stickyseed (Blennosperma nanum) common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) common tern (Sterna hirundo) common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) communal night roosts competition (species) compliance composting composting toilets computer file computer program condensation conductivity cone-headed grasshoppers (Neoconocephalus) cones (tree) Congdon's bitterroot (Lewisia congdonii) Congdon's woollysunflower (Eriophyllum congdonii) conifer forest conifers Conkling's roadrunner (Geococcyx conkingi) conodonts conservation biology conservation easements construction contact metamorphism contamination continental shelf contraception convergent ladybeetle (Hippodamia convergens) Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) Cope's gray tree frog (Hyla chrysocelis) copepods (Copepoda) copper (Cu) copper butterflies (family Lycaenidae) coprolites coral coral bleaching coralline algae cordgrass (Spartina) Cordilleran Ice Sheet core sampling Corethrella (phantom midge) cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) corn corn lily Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) Coryphodon (prehistoric mammal) costs cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus) Cotton's milkvetch (Astragalus cottonii) cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus) cottonwood (Populus) Couch's spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus couchii) cowbirds (Molothrus) cowhage cherry (Malpighia infestissima) coyote (Canis latrans) coyotebrush (Baccharis pilularis) crabapple (Prunus baccata x prunifolia) crabgrass (Digitaria) crane flies (Tipulidae) crappies (Pomoxis) Crassulaceae crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) crater ant (Dorymyrmex insana) Crater Lake grapefern (Botrychium pumicola) craters (impact) craters (volcanic) creel census creeping sage (Salvia sonomensis) creeping sibbaldia (Sibbaldia procumbens) creeping vole (Microtus oregoni) creosotebush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata) creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) creosotebush lac scale (Tachardiella larrae) Cretaceous crevasses crevice spiny lizard (Sceloporus poinsetti) crime crop residue cross-country skiing cross-fostering crowpoison (Nothoscordum bivalve) crust (Earth's) crustaceans (Crustacea) cryophilous algae Cryptadius triplehorni (darkling beetle) Cryptantha crassipes Cryptocarya (prehistoric plant) Cryptocolax (Aspergillaceae) cryptogamic crusts cryptogams cryptoperthites crystalline rocks crystallization crystals Ctenophora (comb jellies) cubera snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus) cuckoo-wasps (Chrysididae) cuckoos (Cuculidae) Culex tarsalis (mosquito) cultivation culverts Cumerland rosemary (Phoxinus cumberlandensis) cup fungi (Ascomycota) Cupressaceae curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) current (water) Cusick's Speedwell (Veronica cusickii) cutleaf toothwort (Cardamine concatenata) Cutler's jewelflower (Streptanthus cutleri) cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) cutworms cyalume cyanide Cymodocea (seagrass) cypress (Cupressus) cypress (Taxodium) cypress forest Cyrtinus beckeri (long-horned beetle) D-H variations dacite daddy long-legs (Opiliones) Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli) Dallia pectoralis (prehistoric fish) dam removal dames rocket (Hesperis matronalis) dams Daphnia magna (water flea) Daphnia pulex (water flea) darapskite dark-eyed junco dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) Darnel ryegrass (Lolium temulentum) Dasypyga salmocolor (snout moth) database dating daylight DDT & DDE debris debris flows Dechellyia gormani (prehistoric conifer) decomposition deer (Cervidae) deer mice (Peromyscus) deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) deer repellent deer yards deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens) defoliation deformation (geologic) deformities (morphologic) degradation dehydration Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) demes demographics dendrochronology dendrometer density (physics) depredation depth desert desert ceanothus (Ceanothus greggii) desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii) desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua) desert gooseberry (Ribes velutinum) desert grassland scorpion (Paruroctonus utahensis) desert millipedes desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) desert night lizard (Xantusia vigilis) desert pocket gopher (Geomys arenarius) desert scrub desert spiny lizard (Sceloporus magister) desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) desert wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) desertification desiccation Desmatochoerinae (prehistoric oreodont) destratification (water) detrital components devegetation development devil's darning needles (Clematis virginiana) devil's river blackhead snake (Tantilla rubra diabola) devil's walkingstick (Aralia spinosa) Devils River minnow (Dionda diaboli) devilshead (Echinocactus horizonthalonius) Devonian dew point diagenesis diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) diamondback watersnake (Nerodia rhombifera) diatoms Diazinon Diceratheres (prehistoric mammal) dickcissel (Spiza americana) Dicotylinae (prehistoric plants) Dictynid spiders Dictyota dichotoma (seaweed) Didymosamarospora (fungi) diel variation differential thermal analysis digestion dikes (geologic) Dinictis (prehistoric cat) dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) dinosaurs diorite Dioryctria albovitella (snout moth) dioxin Diplocentrus bigbendensis (scorpion) Diploria clivosa dipterous puparia discharge disease disease transmission dispersion (in water) dissolved gases dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution disturbance Dithane M-45 (pesticide) diurnal diving (behavior) diving water beetle (Copelatus glyphicus) dobsonfly (Corydalus cornutus) dock shrimp (Pandalus danae) dog (Canis familiaris) dog whelk (Thais lapillus) dogwood anthracnose dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) dolomite dolomitization dolphins (Delphinidae) domes (geologic formation) domes (geologic) double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) Douglas-fir forest Douglas fir-Hemlock-rhododendron community Douglas' squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasi) downy desertthorn (Lycium puberulum var. berberioides) downy phlox (Phlox pilosa) dragonflies & damselflies (Odonata) drainage dredged material dredging dribblet spire (lava formation) drilling drooping juniper (Juniperus flaccida) drought drugs dry deposition ducks, geese & swans (Anatidae) Duncan's foxtail cactus (Escobaria dasyacantha var. duncanii) dune scrub community dung breeding scarabs (beetle) Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) Dunlin (Calidris alpina) dusky flycathcer (Empidonax oberholseri) dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) dust Dutch elm disease (Ceratocystis ulmi) dutchman's breeches (Dicentra cucullaria) dwarf chamaesaracha (Leucophysalis nana) dwarf cinquefoil (Potentilla canadensis) dwarf crested iris (Iris cristata) dwarf larkspur (Delphinium tricorne) dwarf mentzelia (Mentzelia pumila) dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium) dwarf palmetto (Sabal minor) dwarf sedge (Carex pumila) dwarf surfclam (Mulinia lateralis) Dyticonastis rensbergeri (prehistoric reptile) eagles, kites, hawks & allies (Accipitridae) eared seals Earle's woolly milkvetch (Astragalus mollissimus var. earlei) early azalea (Rhododendron prinophyllum) early buttercup (Ranunculus fascicularis) earth cracks earthquakes earthworks earthworms (Oligochaeta) earwigs (Dermaptera) easements easterm baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia) eastern blueeyed grass (Sisyrinchium atlanticum) eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) eastern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum) eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) eastern fivespined ips (Ips grandicollis) eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) eastern hognose snake (Heterodon platyrhinos) eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris) eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) eastern mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoletus) eastern orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata celata) eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans) eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) eastern small-footed myotis (Myotis leibii) eastern smooth (Penstemon laevigatus) eastern spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus holbrookii) eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) echinoderms (Echinodermata) ecology economics ecoregions ecosystems Ectemnius centralis (digger wasp) edentate (prehistoric mammal) Edith's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha) eelgrass (Vallisneria) eelgrass (Zostera) eggs eggshell thickness egrets (Egretta) Eh Eimeria macrotis (Sporozoa) Ekgmowechashala (omomyid primate) El Nino electracat electrical charge electrofishing electron microscope photographs electrophoresis Eleodes carbonarius (darkling beetle) Eleodes caudifera (darkling beetle) Eleodes knullorum (darkling beetle) Eleodes longicollis (darkling beetle) Eleodes omissa (darkling beetle) elevation Elf Owl (Micrathene whitneyi) elk (Cervus elaphus) elk trails elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) elm (Ulmus) elm-ash-maple forest elm bark beetle elm calligraph (Calligrapha scalaris) elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta luteola) Elsinoe corni (fungi) embryology embryonic development emplacement encephalitis Endangered Species Act endellite endemic species energy balance energy budgets energy exchange energy resources Engelmann's seagrass (Halophila engelmannii) Engelmann's spruce (Picea engelmannii) English ivy (Hedera helix) engraver beetle (Ips) Enhydrosoma propinquum (copepod) Entelodontidae (prehistoric mammal) enterococci (bacteria) Entomophaga amimaiga (fungus) Entoptychine (prehistoric pocket gopher) environmental agencies environmental assessment environmental awareness environmental education environmental impact environmental impact statement (EIS) Eocene Eohippus (prehistoric horse) ephemeral ponds epicenters Epidendrum bifidum (orchid) = Encyclia bifida, thicket butterfly epidote epifauna epigean epiphytes epithelantha (Epithelantha) epithermal deposits Eporeodon (prehistoric oreodont) epsomite Epyrinae (wasp subfamily) Equus occidentalis (prehistoric horse) Equus shoshoensis (prehistoric horse) eradication Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. texensis Erora (butterfly family) erosion erosion surfaces erosional features Erysimum menziesi ssp. concinnum escapement escherichia coli (bacteria) eskers Esocoidei (mud minnows and pikes) establishment (species) estuaries Ethmia angustalatella (oecorphorid moth) ethnobotany ethnozoology Euamiana adusta (noctuid moth) Eucephalus paucicapitatus Eucerceris (digger wasp) Eucosma (tortricid moth) Eucosma griselda (tortricid moth) Eucosma salaciana (tortricid moth) Eucosma sierrae (tortricid moth) Eucosma ustulantana (tortricid moth) Euphausia pacifica (oceanic euphausiid) Euphausiaceae euphausiids (Euphausiaceae) Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) Eurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria) European bunchgrass (ammophila arenaria) European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) European searocket (Cakile maritima) European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Euschoengastia (chigger genus) Euschoengastoides (chigger group) eutrophication Euxoa (cutworm) evaporation evaporites Evarthrus (ground beetle) Eve's needle (Yucca faxoniana) evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) evergreen trees evolution Ewingana doreyae (myobib mite) exclosures Exema deserti (leaf beetle) exfoliation (geologic) exhibits exotic species exposure (hazardous) exsolution extinct species extinction extirpated species extirpation extremes (weather) extrusive rocks facilities fairy shrimp (Anostraca) falcons & caracaras (Falconidae) fall (season) fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) fallow deer (Cervus dama) false aloe (Manfreda virginica) false carpenter ants (Liometopum luctuosum) false grama (Cathestecum erectum) false mallow (Sphaeralcea) false wireworm (Eleodes hispilabris) falsepennyroyal (Hedeoma apiculata) fan palm (Chamaerops) farmland fat little donax (Donax tumida) fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) fatty acids faults (geologic) faunal remains fayalite feather-duster worm (Eudistylia vancouveri) featherleaf kittenstails (Synthyris pinnatifida) feathers fecal bacteria fecal coliform fecal nitrogen fecal streptococci feces feeding feldspar fell field habitat felsenmeers felsic feltleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus arboreus) females fencing Fendler's sandmat (Chamaesyce fendleri var. chaetocalyx) feral animals fernbush (Chamaebatiaria millefolium) ferns (Pteridaceae) ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) fertilizer fescue (Festuca) Ficimia cana (snake) fiddler crabs (Uca) field mice (Cricetidae) field studies NOT USED in this database fields figwort family (Scrophulariaceae) filming fin-clipping finches & allies (Fringillidae) Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) fine-ribbed auger (Terebra protexta) fir (Abies) fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis) fire fire ants (Solenopsis) fire behavior fire danger fire ecology fire fighting fire history fire intensity fire lookouts fire management fire pink (Silene virginica) fire prevention fire suppression firewood firn firn caves fish Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act fish attractors fish farms fish kills fish ladders fish scales fisher (Martes pennanti) fishery fishing fishing permits fishing rights fissures (volcanic) five-lined skink (Eumeces fasciatus) fiveleaf orchid (Isotria) flammability flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus) flannelbush (Fremontodendron) flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) flatheaded borers (Buprestidae) flattop pussytoes (Antennaria corymbosa) flatworms & roundworms (Helminthes) fleabane (Erigeron) fleas (Siphonaptera) flies (Diptera) flint floating (boats) floating marshes floating pondweed (Potamogeton natans) flood control flood waves floodplain floods floral remains Florentiamys lulli (prehistoric rodent) Florida rock snail (Thais haemastoma floridana) Florida stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) flotsam crab (Planes cyaneus) flounders (Bothidae and Pleuronectidae) flow (streamflow) flower beetle (Euphoria fascifera) flower of stone (Selaginella lepidophylla) flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) fluid inclusions fluid migration fluorescence fluoride fluorine (F) fluorite fluvial flycatchers flycatchers (Empidonax) flying squirrels (Glaucomys) fog folds (geologic) foliage foliar damage foliar fungi food food chain food preference foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylei) Foraminifera forest forest communities forest fungi forest structure Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) fossil collecting fossils fourwing saltbrush (Atriplex canescens) foxes fractals fractional crystallization fractures (geologic) fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica) Fremont's cottonwood (Populus fremontii) freshet freshwater freshwater diversion freshwater mussels (Bivalvia) frigatebirds (family Fregatidae) fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes) frogs & toads (Salientia) frost fruits fuel load (fire) fuel moisture Fuller's teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) fumaroles Fundulus kansae (fish) fungal spores fungi fungicides furan fusion (geologic) fusulinids fuzzy scorpionweed (Phacelia hirsuta) gabbro gabion gadwall (Anas strepera) Gaeumannomyces graminis (root-rot fungus) gaillardia (Gaillardia) gall wasps (Cynipidae) gallium (Ga) galls (plant) Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii) game birds gamma rays gammarids (Gammarida) garbage garden tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) Garlon (pesticide) garnet gas exchange gas temperature gastropods (Gastropoda) gayfeather (Liatris) gemsbok (Oryx gazella) genetic diversity genetics geochemistry geochronology Geographic Information System (GIS) geography geohydrology geology geomagnetism geometry geomorphology Geomyoid rodents (prehistoric) geophysical surveys geophysics Geoplana arkalabamensis (land planarian) Geothermal Act of 1970 geothermal activity geothermal drilling geothermal gradients Geothermal Steam Act geothite germination ghost shrimp (Callianassa isagrande) giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea) giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) giant sequoia groves giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) giantreed (Arundo donax) Giardia (protozoa) Ginkgo (prehistoric tree) ginseng (Panax) gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) glacial deposits glacial features glacial milk glacial outburst floods glacial polish glaciation glacier changes glacier thickness glaciers glade larkspur (Delphinium treleasei) gland cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa) glass (geology) Glaucina mayelissaria (geometer moth) global climate change Global Positioning System (GPS) globe cactus (Mammillaria) glorious beetle (Plusiotis gloriosa) glyoxal Glyphocystis (moth) Glyptostrobus linguaefolia (plant) gneisses goats (domestic) gold (Au) gold panning golden bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea) Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) Golden Indian-paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta) golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) golden rabbit brush golden ragwort (Senecio aureus) golden-spined prickly pear golden trout (Oncorhynchus aguabonita) golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goodding's onion (Allium gooddingii) gooseneck barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) gopher snake (Pituophis melanoleucus) Gossamer wings (Lycaenidae) Gould shipworm (Bankia gouldi) grabens Graber technique graceful rock crab (Cancer gracilis) gradients grain size grainyhand hermit (Pagurus granosimanus) grandite granite granivores granivory granodiorite granulites Grapholita hieroglyphana (tortricid moth) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grasses (Gramineae) grasshoppers & crickets (Orthoptera) grassland grassyslope arctic sedge (Carex anthoxanthea) Grave's spleenwort (Asplenium X gravesii) gravel gravity gravity stations gray-banded kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana) gray-footed chipmunk (Tamias canipes) gray myotis (Myotis grisescens) gray oak (Quercus grisea) gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor) gray vireo (Vireo vicinior) gray whale (Eschrictius robustus) gray wolf (Canis lupus) graywacke grazing Great Basin rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis lutosus) Great Basin tent caterpillar great black-backed gull (Larus marinus) great blue heron (Ardea herodias) great blue lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica) great chickweed (Stellaria pubera) great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) great egret (Casmerodius albus) (Memo) great gray owl (Strix nebulosa) great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) greater earless lizard (Cophosaurus texanus) greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) greater purple fringed orchid (Habenaria grandiflora) greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) green algae (Chlorophyta) green-backed heron (Butorides striatus) green fiveleaf orchid (Isotria medeoloides) green fringed orchid (Platanthera lacera var. lacera) green salamander (Aneides aeneus) green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) green snakes (Opheodrys) green snow green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) green-winged teal (Anas crecca) greendragon (Arisaema dracontium) greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula) greenmolly (Kochia americana) Gretchena nymphana (tortricid moth) grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) Grotella blanchardi (noctuid moth) grotto salamander (Typhlotriton spelaeus) ground beetles (Carabidae) ground cover ground skink (Scincella lateralis) ground squirrels (Spermophilus) ground temperature groundwater grouse (Tetraonidae) growing season growth guadalupe fescue (Festuca ligulata) Guadalupe leastdaisy (Chaetopappa hersheyi) Guadalupe mountain-laurel (Sophora gypsophila var. guadalupensis) Guadalupe Mountain necklacepod (Sophora gypsophila) Guadalupe Mountain Pincushion Cactus (Coryphantha sneedii var. nova) Guadalupe Mountain vole (Microtus mexicanus guadalupensis) Guadalupe rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus spathulatus) Guadalupe violet (Viola guadalupensis) Guadalupe woodland snail (Ashmunella carlsbadensis) guano guidebook Gulf Coast kangaroo rat (Dipodomys compactus) Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) Gulf Stream gull-billed tern (Sterna nilotica) gulls & terns (Laridae) gulls (Larinae) gumweed (Grindelia) Gymnomitrion Gymnospyra aspersa (long-horned beetle) gypsophily gypsum gypsum grama (Bouteloua breviseta) gypsum milkvetch (Astragalus gypsodes) gypsum moonpod (Selinocarpus lanceolatus) gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) habitat alteration habitat fragmentation habitat loss habitat suitability Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) habitat utilization habitats HABSIM (computer program) hacking hadrosaurs hail hair hairgrass (Deschampsia) hairstreaks (Theclinae) hairystem spiderwort (Tradescantia hirsuticaulis) halfnaked penshell (Atrina seminuda) Halimeda (green algae) halloysite halocarbons halodule (seagrass) halogens Halophila (seagrass) Halophila decipiens (seagrass) hang gliding Hannemania (chigger genus) hantavirus Haplidus laticeps (Cerambycidae beetle) Haplomys (prehistoric rodent) harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hardhead (Acroptilon repens) hardhead (Mylopharodon conocephalus) hardhead catfish (Arius felis) hardness (water) harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) Harper's searocket (Cakile edentula harperi) harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) harvest mice (Reithrodontomys) harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex) hatchery haulout behavior Havard's century plant (Agave havardiana) hawthorn (Crataegus) hay hazard rocks hazard trees hazardous materials hazardous waste hazel alder (Alnus serrulata) health health hazards heat flow heat treatment heath heath (Erica) heath family (Ericaceae) heather vole (Phenacomys intermedius) heavy metals heavy minerals Hectopsylla psittaci (exotic flea, Siphonaptera: pulicidae) hedge false bindweed (Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium) hedge nettle (Stachys cordata) hedgerows Heermann's gull (Larus heermanni) helictites helium (He) Helix aspersa (garden snail) hellgrammites (Corydalus cornutus) Helminthoglypta arrosa miwoka (snail) Helminthoglypta nickliniana awania (snail) hematozoans Hemipsalodon grandis (prehistoric oreodont) hemlock (Tsuga) hemlock forest hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) herb sophia (Descurainia sophia) herbaria herbicides herbivores herbivory herbs hermit crabs hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus) herons & bitterns (Ardeidae) herring gull (Larus argentatus) herrings (Clupeidae) Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata Heteroderidae Heteroxenotrichula texana (paucitubulatine chaetonotid gastrotrichs) Hexalectris hexazinone (herbicide) Hexidionis (chigger genus) Hexorthodes citeria (noctuid moth) Hexorthodes emendata (noctuid moth) hibernation high country open zone hiking himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor) Hinckley's oak (Quercus hinckleyi) Hirstiella (mite) hiscus wasp hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) hister beetles (Histeridae) histoplasmosis historic fauna historic vegetation historical survey hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) hoary rosemarymint (Poliomintha incana) Hoffman's gilia (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii) hogs (domestic) holly leafminer (Phytomyza ilicis) Holocene homing Homoptera honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) honeybee (Apis mellifera) hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina) hookedspur violet (Viola adunca) hops horn flies (Haematobis ittitans) hornblende horned lark (Eremophila alpestris) horned lizards (Phrynosoma) hornfels horse (Equus caballus) horse flies & deer flies (Tabanidae) horseback riding horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) horsetails (Equissetum) hosts (disease) hot springs Hot Springs basswood (Tilia relicta) house cricket (Acheta domesticus) house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) house mouse (Mus musculus) houseboats hover flies (Syrphidae) Howell's alkaligrass (Puccinellia howellii) huckleberry (Gaylussacia) human-animal encounters human impact Human Impact Inventory (HII) human use Humid Transition Zone hummingbirds (Trochilidae) humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) hunting hunting rights huntite hurricanes hyaenarctid bear (prehistoric) Hyalella azteca (amphipod) hybridization Hydrangea hydraulic conductivity hydroacoustics hydrocarbons hydrogen (H) hydrogen sulfide (HS) hydrography hydrology hydromagnesite hydrophytes hydropower Hydropsyche hageni (net-spinning caddisfly) Hydropsyche hoffmani (net-spinning caddisfly) hydroseeding hydrostratigraphic units hydrothermal activity hydrothermographs hydroxylapatite Hymenocallis hyperiideans (Hyperiida) Hypertragalus (prehistoric pecora) Hypolagus (prehistoric rabbit) Hyponeocula (chigger genus) hyporheic zone Hypotemnodon (prehistoric mammal) hypsography Hyrachyrus (prehistoric rhinoceros) ibises (Bubulcus) ice ice age ice caves ice storms ice temperature icefalls ichnite research (fossil tracks) Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) igneous rocks ignimbrite ignition components illite illustrations image analysis imbricate immobilization immunocontraception impacts importance value (species) imprinting incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) incineration inclinometer inclusions increment bores increment cores Indarctus (prehistoric bear) Indian hemp (Apocynum cannabium) Indiana myotis (Myotis sodalis) indicator species indigobush (Amorpha) inert gases infauna infection rates Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBF) infestations information resources infralittoral zone infrared photographs infrared surveys inkberry (Ilex glabra) inland saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) inland saltgrass saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) inland silverside (Menidia beryllina) inlets innocent-weed (Cenchrus longispinus) Inocybe (fungus) insecticides insectivores (insect eaters) insectivores (Insectivora) insects (Insecta) insularity integrated pest management (IPM) interagency cooperation interference (botany) International Biological Program international parks interpretation interpretive document intracoastal introduction (species) intrusion intrusions invasion Inventory & Monitoring inventory (baseline) invertebrates (Invertebrata) ion exchange ionic strength Iridomyrmex pruinosus (ant) irises (Iridaceae) iron (Fe) irrigation Irvingtonian Island Night lizard (Xantusia riversiana) island scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens insularis) islands isopods (Isopoda) Isospora californica (protozoan) isotopes isotopic dating ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) Jack in the pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) jaguey blanco (Ficus trigonata) Jamaica swamp sawgrass (Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense) Jamestown Canyon virus (Bunyaviridae: California serogroup) Janoa brasiliensis (marine worm) Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) japanese brome (Bromus japonicus) japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) jarosite Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) jellyfish (Coelenterata) Jemez Mountains salamander (Plethodon neomexicanus) Jerusalem cricket (Stenopelmatus fuscus) Jerusalem oak goosefoot (Chenopodium botrys) jetties & groins jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) Johne's disease (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) jointing (geology) jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) jumping mice (Zapodidae) jumping plantlice (Craspedolepta eas) juniper (Juniperus) juniper forest juniper twig pruner (Styloxus bicolor) Jurassic juveniles kaolinite karst kayaking keeled earless lizard (Holbrookia propinqua) Kellogg sedge (Carex lenticularis var. lipocarpa) Kellogg's lewisia (Lewisia kelloggii) Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) kestrels (Falco) killer whale (Orcinus orca) kingcup cactus (Echinocereus triglochidiatus) kingsnake (Lampropeltis) kinship kipukas kit fox (Vulpes velox) kittentails (Synthyris) Klamath weed (Hypericum perforatum) knobcone-monterey pine hybrid knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata) Kochia Koelreuteria (prehistoric tree) krummholz kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) laccoliths lace lipfern (Cheilanthes gracillima) Lactarius petersenii (rare mushroom) Lacuna (Lacunidae) lacustrine sediments Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Picoides scalaris) ladybugs (Coccinellidae) Lagenidium callineites (parasitic fungi) lagoons lahars lake depth lake storage capacity lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) lakes & ponds lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) lamination lampreys (Petromyzontidae) lanceleaf springbeauty (Claytonia lanceolata) land appraisal land classification land cover land exchange land ownership land protection land snails land use landfills landforms landscape (natural) landscape ecology landscaping landslides Lanthanum (La) larch budmoth (Zeiraphera diniana) larch sawfly (Pristophora erichsonii) largeflower bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora) largeleaf geigertree (Cordia sebestena) largeleaf pennywort (Hydrocotyle bonariensis) largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) largeseed forget-me-not (Myosotis macrosperma) larvae Lasiocampidae (tent caterpillars) Lasius xerophilus (holarctic ant) lateleaf oak (Quercus tardifolia) laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) Laurophyllum (prehistoric plant) lava lava cones lava flows lava formations lava tube beetles (Leiodidae) lava tubes & caves law enforcement laws & legislation lawsonite Le Conte's Thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei) leach's storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) leaching (soil) lead (Pb) lead toxicosis leadplant (Amorpha) Leaf Area Index (LAI) leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) leaf litter leafcutter ant (Atta texana) leafcutting bee (Osmia lignaria) leafcutting bees (Megachilidae) leafhopper complex leafhoppers & cicadas (Homoptera) least chipmunk (Tamias minimus) Least sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) least tern (Sterna antillarum) leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla) Leeuwenhoekinae (chigger subfamily) leopard frog (Rana berlandieri) Lepidoziaceae (liverwort family) Leptarctus (prehistoric carnivore) Leptophlebia bradleyi (mayfly) Leptophlebia gravestellus (mayfly) Leptopinara (snout beetle & weevil family) Leptospirosis Lesser Antillean bullfinch (Loxigilla noctis) lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata) lesser goldfinch (Carduelis psaltria) lesser grainborer (Rhyzopertha dominica) lesser peachtree borer (Synanthedon pictipes) lesser scaup (Aythya affinish) lesser yellow lady-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum) lettuceleaf saxifrage (Saxifraga micranthidifolia) Leutkea pectinata levees lherzolite licensing lichen (Mycophycophyta) lichenometry lifespan light intensity light scattering coefficients lightning Lignasan (fungicide/bactericide) lignite limber pine (Pinus flexilis) limestone limnology limonite lint Liometopum apiculatum (ant) lipid cycles literature review lithium (Li) lithology Litsea (prehistoric plant) litter (detritus) litter (garbage) little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) little striped whiptail (Cnemidophorus inornatus) littleleaf brongniart (Brongniartia minutifolia) littleleaf greentwig (Brongniartia minutifolia) littleleaf leadtree (Leucaena retusa) littleleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus intricatus) littleneck clams (Protothaca) littoral drift littoral zone live oak (Quercus virginiana) liver liverwort (Hepatica nobilis) liverworts (Hepaticopsida) livestock lizards (Lacertilia) llama (Lama glama) Lloyd's fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus mariposensis) Lloyd's hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus X lloydii) loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) lobsters & crabs (Decapoda) locomotion locust trees lodgepole chipmunk (Tamias speciosus) lodgepole needleminer (Coleotechnites milleri) lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) lodgepole pine forest loess log jams loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) logging logperch (Percina caprodes) Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) long-billed dowitcher (Limnodromus scolapaceus) long-eared myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum) long-eared owl (Asio otus) long-legged myotis (Myotis volans) long-tailed deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ?) long-tailed vole (Microtus longicaudus) long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) longbract wild indigo (Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea) longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) longhorn steershead (Dicentra uniflora) Longipedia helgolandica (copepod) longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) longleaf pine ecosystem longleaf pine savanna longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) longshore drift longspur columbine (Aquilegia longissima) loons (Gaviidae) Lophophorates (aquatic animals) Lorquin's admiral (Basilarchia lorquini) Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) lousewort (Pedicularis) low beardtongue (Penstemon humilis ssp. humilis) lowland rotala (Rotala ramosior) lucifer hummingbird (Calothorax lucifer) luminous moss (Schistostega pennata) lupine (Lupinus) Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) lynx (Felis lynx) lyreleaf sage (Salvia lyrata) maar Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) MacDougal's aletes (Aletes macdougalii) MacGillivray's warbler (Oporornis tolmiei) Machaonia woodburyana mackerals (Scombridae) madrone (Arbutus) mafic magma magmatism magnesite (MgCO3) magnesium (Mg) magnetic field magnetite Magnolia Mahonia maidenhair spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes) maintenance Malacobdella (ribbon worms) Malathion (pesticide) males mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Malpais spring virus malpighia mammals (Mammalia) mammoth (Mammuthus) manatee (Trichechus manatus) manateegrass (Cymodocea filiformis) Mancozeb (pesticide) manganese (Mn) mangrove tree crab (Aratus pisonii) mantids (Mantidae) mantle many-lined skink (Eumeces multivirgatus) manzanita (Arctostaphylos) Manzate 200 (pesticide) map maple (Acer) mapping Marattialean Synangia (prehistoric fern) marbelite marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa) marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) marbled whiptail (Cnemidophorus marmoratus) Maricopa harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex maricopa) marijuana (Cannabis sativa) Marin Song Sparrow (Malospiza melodia gouldii) marine marine communities marine debris marine flatworms (Polycladida) Marine Mammal Protection Act marine mammals mariola (Parthenium incanum) maritime forest marking marmots (Marmota) marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris) marshes & bogs marshpepper knotweed (Polygonum hyropiper) marsupials (Marsupialia) mass balance mass budget (glaciers) mass movements mating mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) mayflies (Ephemeroptera) McKittrick's snowberry (Symphoricarpos guadalupensis) meadow garlic (Allium canadense) meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius) meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) meadowrue (Thalictum) meadows measuringworm moths (Geometridae) mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) megacrysts Megathymus chisoensis (skipper) Megathymus hoffmanni (skipper) Melampsora leaf rust Melitara chinatiensis (snout moth) Melitara fernaldialis (snout moth) Meloe barbatus (a blister beetle) Meloidae (blister beetle family) meltwater menhaden (Brevoortia) Meniscomyine (prehistoric rodent) mercury (Hg) merlin (Falco columbarius) Merriam's chipmunk (Tamias merriami) Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) Merriam's mouse (Peromyscus merriami) Merychippus isonesus (prehistoric horse) Merychyinae (prehistoric oreodont) Merycoidodontidae (prehistoric oreodont) Mesa Verde fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) Mesocyon venator (Carnivora: Canidae) Mesozoic mesquite (Prosopis) metabolism metallization metallothionein metals metamorphic rocks metamorphism metamorphosis Metasequoia (prehistoric tree) metasomatism metatyuyamunite metavolcanic rocks meteoric water meteorites meteorological equipment methane mew gull (Larus canus) Mexican black bear (Ursus americanus eremicus) Mexican cliffrose (Purshia mexicana) Mexican long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris nivalis) Mexican pinyon (Pinus cembroides) Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) Mexican stoneroller (Campostoma ornatum) Mexican whorled milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis) Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Mexican woodrat (Neotoma mexicana) MGA implants (sterilization method) Miagrammopes (spider genus) microbes microbial flora microcline Microdon baliopterus (flower fly) microenvironment microfiche-microfilm microfloristics microfolding microfractures (geologic) microfungi Micromegistus bakeri (Acarina: Parantennulidae) Micropternodus (prehistoric insectivore) Microsa (spider genus) microtines (prehistoric rodent) microwave emissions midges (Chironomidae) midlittoral zone migmatites migration Migratory Bird Land Acquisition Program migratory birds migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) milkvetch (Astragalus) milkweed (Asclepias) millipedes (Diplopoda) mimosa (Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera) Minchinia costalis (protozoa) Minchinia Haplosporida Haplosporidiidae (protozoa) Minchinia nelsoni (protozoa) mine tailings mineral rights mineral springs minerals mines mining mink (Mustela vison) minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Miocene miogeosyncline mirabilite miscibility Mississippian Missouri gooseberry (Ribes missouriense) mistletoe (Viscaceae) mites & ticks (Acari) mitigation Mitoura (butterfly genus) mock pennyroyal (Stachydeoma graveolens) modeling Modoc budworms Mojave pricklypear (Opuntia phaeacantha var. major) mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) Mojave yucca (Yucca schidigera) mole cricket (Scapteriscus didactylus) moles (Talpidae) mollusks (Mollusca) molting molybdenum (Mo) monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) monitoring monkeyflower (Mimulus) Monomorium minimum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) montane montane vole (Microtus montanus) Montastrea annularis (coral) Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) Monterey sea-lemon (Archidoris montereyensis) Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) Monument Valley milkvetch (Astragalus monumentalis) monzonite moon milk mooring mooring buoys moraines Morella cerifera morning glory (Convolvulaceae) Moropus (prehistoric mammal) morphology morphometry mortality Mosasauridae (prehistoric snake) mosesite mosquito fish (Gambusia) mosquitoes (Culicidae) moss phlox (Phlox subulata) mosses (Musci) mottled petrel (Pterodroma inexpectata) mottled rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus lepidus) mottled waterhyacinth weevil (Neochetina eichhorniae) Mount Lyell salamander (Hydromantes platycephalus) mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) mountain brome (Bromus marginatus) mountain chickadee (Parus gambeli) mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) mountain lion (Felis concolor) mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) mountain quail (Oreortyx picta) mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) mountains mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) mourning milkvetch (Astragalus atratus) movement (animal) mowing mozonite Mt. Mazama mountaintrumpet (Collomia mazama) mud minnows (Umbridae) mud turtles (Kinosternon) mudflats mudflows mudslides mulch mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) mules mullein (Verbascum) mullets (Mugilidae) multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) multiple births mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) Murray lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana) murre (Uria) museums & collections mussels (Mytilus) mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) mustelids (Mustelidae) mycorrhiza mycorrhizae Mylagaulodon (prehistoric rodent) Myotis (bat genus) Myrtle's Silverspot (Speyeria zerene myrtleae) Myxosporidia (protozoa) NADP (National Atmospheric Deposition Program) Naegleria fowleri (protozoa) nanorchestid mites (Speleorchestes) narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) narrowleaf eveningprimrose (Oenothera fruticosa) narrowleaf sand verbena Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) National Marine Sanctuaries National Monuments National Natural Landmarks National Park Company National Park Service national parks & reserves National Recreation Trail National Register of Historic Places National Seashore Recreational Area National Trends Network (NTN) National Wildlife Refuges native Americans native species natural gas Natural Heritage Program natural potential (electrical measurement) natural resource management natural resources naturalized species Navajo sedge (Carex specuicola) naval shipworm (Teredo navalis) Navasota ladiestresses (Spiranthes parksii) Neapheaenops tellkampfi (a ground beetle) nectar Nectaria coccinata (fungi) needle blight needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus) needleleaf rosette grass (Dichanthelium aciculare) nekton Nelson pocket mouse (Perognathus nelsoni) Nemertean worms (Nemertea) Neodiprion (conifer sawfly) neodymium (Nd) Neogene Neomysis mercedis (an opposum shrimp) neoteny neotropical migratory birds (NTMB) nephelometers Nereis arenoaceodentata (marine polychaete worm) Nereis succinea (marine worm) nest boxes nest fidelity nest parasitism nests & nesting neurology Nevada buck moth (Hemileuca nevadensis) Nevada jointfir (Ephedra nevadensis) New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) New Mexico agave (Agave parryi neomexicana) New Mexico ramshorn snail (Pecosorbis kansasensis) new species new world rats & mice (Cricetidae) newspapers Newton's larkspur (Delphinium newtonianum) nickel (Ni) nightblooming cereus (Peniocereus greggii var. greggii) nightblooming cereus (Peniocereus greggii) nighthawks (Chordeiles) nightshade family (Solanaceae) Nimravus (prehistoric cat) nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) nitrates (NO3) nitrites nitrogen (N) nitrogen cycle nitrogen fixing noble fir (Abies procera) nocturnal nodding plumeless thistle (Carduus nutans) noise pollution non-tidal wetlands Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) northern alligator lizard (Gerrhonotus coeruleus) northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) northern bedstraw (Galium boreale) northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi) northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans) northern deer tick (Ixodes dammini) northern dewberry (Rubus flagellaris) Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) northern harrier (Circus cyaneus) northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans) northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens) northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) northern lobster (Homarus americanus) northern mannagrass (Glyceria borealis) northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) northern pine weevil (Pissodes approximatus) northern pintail (Anas acuta) northern pygmy-owl (Glaucidium gnoma) northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora) northern red oak (Quercus rubra) northern right-whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis) northern river otter (Lutra canadensis) northern rough-winged swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) northern sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin) northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) northern threeband (Humboldtiana ultima) northwestern pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata marmorata) northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile) NOTE: Poaceae novaculite Novumbra oregonensis (prehistoric fish) NOx NPFlora database nudibranchs (Nudibranchia) nuee ardente nuisance animals nurse logs nutria (Myocastor coypus) nutrient cycle nutrients nutrition nuts Nuttall cockle (Clinocardium nuttallii) Nuttall's White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys ssp.) Nycteriglyphus texanus (mite) Nycterophilia (bat fly) nylon hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus viridiflorus) Nymphalidae (butterfly family) oak (Quercus) oak-chestnut forest oak decline (Cephalosporium diospyri) oak wilt (Ceratocystis fagacearum) oak woodland oat (Avena) oblique dunes Obrium beckeri (long-horned beetle) obscure Indian paintbrush (Castilleja cryptantha) observations obsidian ocean oceanography oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor) Ochre starfish (Pisaster ochraceus) ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) odostomioids (Odostomia) Oettinger's trillium (Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri) off-road vehicles ogives Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra) oil & gas activities oil spills Oklahoma salamander (Eurycea tynerensis) old-growth forest old world rats & mice (Muridae) Oligocene oligoclase oligotrophic lakes olivine olivine tholeiites Olympic bellflower (Campanula piperi) Olympic Mountain ragwort (Senecio neowebsteri) Olympic mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi) Olympic saxifrage (Saxifraga tischii) Oncocnemis cottami (noctuid moth) Oncocnemis heterogena (noctuid moth) Ondatrini (prehistoric muskrat) oneseed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) oolites Ophiomys (prehistoric microtine vole) opossum (Didelphis virginiana) opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta) optical orientation Opuntia densispina (cholla) Opuntia schottii (dog cholla) orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata) orange daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) orange sheath tunicate orchard orchids (Orchidaceae) Orconectes sanbornii sanbornii (crayfish) Orcutt's foxtail cactus (Escobaria orcuttii) Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) ore Oregon myrtle (Umbellularia oregonensis) Oregon woodsia (Woodsia oregana) oreodonts (prehistoric mammal) organochlorine pesticides oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) Orinthodoros capensis (mammal soft tick) ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata) orthoclases Orthoporus ornatus (desert millipede) Oscura Mountains land snail (Oreohelix socorroensis) osprey (Pandion haliaetus) otoliths Otorhinophila (chigger genus) otters (Lutra or Enhydra) Ouachita madtom (Noturus lachneri) Outer Banks kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus sticticeps) overpopulation overwash oviposition owlet moths (Noctuidae) owls (Strigiformes) Oxacis angustata (pollen-feeding beetle) oxeyedaisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) oxidation Oxycopis howdeni (pollen-feeding beetle) oxygen (O) Oxygrylius (lamellicorn beetle genus) Oxytropis borealis var. viscida oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) oysters oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) Ozark bass (Ambloplites constellatus) Ozark big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii ingens) Ozark chinkapin (Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis) Ozark wakerobin (Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum) ozone (O3) Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) Pacific jumping mouse (Zapus trinotatus) Pacific littleneck (Protothaca staminea) Pacific lupine (Lupinus lepidus) Pacific monardella (Monardella odoratissima) Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) Pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla) Pacific white-sided dolphin (Legenorhynchus obliquidens) pack animals paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) Pagrus sedecim (fish) painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) Palaeoesox fritzschei (prehistoric fish) pale false mannagrass (Torreyochloa pallida var. pauciflora) pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida) pale touchmenot (Impatiens pallida) paleobotany Paleocene paleoenvironment Paleogene paleogeography paleomagnetism paleontological sites paleontological surveys paleontology paleopathology paleosol Paleozoic paleyellow iris (Iris pseudacorus) pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) palm trees palm warbler (Dendroica palmerum) palms (Arecaceae) palo blanco (Allophylus crassinervis) pampas grass (Cortaderia) papershell pinyon (Pinus remota) paperspine fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus papyracanthus) Parachelifer (pseudoscorpion genus) Paracimbocera robusta (a snout beetle) parainfluenza-3 paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) Paramiana callaisata (noctuid moth) Paramiana exculta (noctuid moth) parasites parasol clover (Trifolium bolanderi) Paratylopus cameloides (prehistoric camel) Parish's fleabane (Erigeron parishii) park establishment park expansion park housing parking area Parry's bellflower (Campanula parryi) Parry's silene (Silene parryi) parthenogenesis particulates (air) particulates (water) partridgefoot (Luetkea pectinata) Paruroctonus (scorpion) Paruroctonus aquilonalis (scorpion) passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) patch reefs patchnose snake (Salvadora) Patrobus longicornis (ground beetle) patterned ground peach (Prunus persica) peach scab (Cladosporium carpophilum) peachtree borer (Synanthedon exitosa) pearlwort (Sagina) peat Pecosorbis (fresh-water snail) pedestrians pediment Peeble's blue star (Amsonia peeblesii) pegmatite pelagic pelagic cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) pelicans (Pelicanus) pellets (fecal) Pellucistoma (ostracod) Pelochrista collilonga (tortricid moth) penaeid shrimp (Penaeidae) Pennsylvania bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica) Pennsylvanian Penstemon Peranoplium piceum (beetle) percent cover Perchoerus (prehistoric tayassuid mammal) peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) periphyton Periptychus (fossil) Peritrichia (protozoa) permeability (rock) Permian permits pest management pesticides pests Petaloproctis socialis (marine worm) petrels (Pterodrama) petrified wood petroleum resources petrology pets pH phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens) Phaneta clarkei (tortricid moth) Phaneta musetta (tortricid moth) phantom midges (Chaoboridae) phantom shiner (Notropis orca) Phenacocoelinae (prehistoric oreodont) phenocryst phenology phenotype pheromones phlox-fescue community Phobosuchus riograndensis (Cretaceous crocodile) Phormidium releasei (a blue-green algae) phosphate (PO4) phosphorites phosphorus (P) phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) photo plots photo points photogrammetry photographs photography photometry photosynthesis phreatic phreatic eruptions Phreatodrobia coronae (cavesnail) phreatophyte phycology phyletic trends phylloid algae Phyllophaga (june beetle) Phyllophaga arenicola (june beetle) Phyllophaga gaigei (june beetle) Phyllophaga idonea (june beetle) physiology phytophagous insects phytoplankton phytotoxins phytotron Piagetiella peralis (chewing lice) pickerel frog (Rana palustris) picnic area pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) piedmont cowbane (Oxypolis ternata) piedmont mock bishopweed (Ptilimnium nodosum) pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) pigeons & doves (Columbidae) pikas (Ochotonidae) pikes (Esocidae) pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) pillow basalts pine (Pinus) pine beetles (Dendroctonus) pine borers (Buprestis) pine forest pine sandhill community Pine Springs woodland snail (Ashmunella amblya) pine trees (Pinus) pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) pineland dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum) pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) pingpong ball cactus (Epithelantha micromeris var. bokei) pink fameflower (Talinum longipes) pink funnellily (Androstephium breviflorum) pink lady's slipper (Cypripedium acaule) pink mountainheath (Phyllodoce empetriformis) pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) pinon mouse (Peromyscus truei) pinyon engraver beetle (Ips confusus) pinyon-juniper forest pinyon-juniper savanna pipelines Piperia elegans subsp. decurtata pipevine swallowtail butterfly (Battus philenor) piping plover (Charadrius melodus) Piruna (skipper) piscivorous birds pisolites pitcher plant bogs pitcherplant (Sarracenia) place names plagioclases plague (Yersinia pestis) Plain Titmouse (Parus inornatus) plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) plains pocket mouse (Perognathus flavescens) plan plankton planning plant bugs or leaf bugs (Miridae) plant communities plant moisture plant names planthoppers plants Platanaceae (plantain family) plateau spotted whiptail (Cnemidophorus septemvittatus) Platylepas hexastylos (barnacle) playas Pleistocene Pleurolicine (prehistoric rodent) Pliocene plots plugs (geologic) plumage Plumas county beardtongue (Penstemon neotericus) plumeless thistle (Cardus) Plusiotis woodi (scarab beetle) plutonic rocks plutonium (Pu) PM10 (pollution) poaching pocket gophers (Geomyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocketed free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops femorosaccus) podzolization pogonia (Pogonia) Pogonodon platycopis (prehistoric cat) Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (harvester ant) Pogonomyrmex rugosus (harvester ant) Point Reyes bentgrass (Agrostis clivicola var. punta-reyesensis) Point Reyes blue butterfly (Icaricia icarioides ssp.) Point Reyes Jumping Mouse (Zapus trinotatus orarius) Point Reyes Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia rufa phaea) poison oak (Toxicodendron) policies Polistes (paper wasp genus) politics pollen pollination pollutants pollution polychaetes (Polychaeta) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polyhedrosis (virus) polyps Polysiphonia (red algae) pomace flies (Drosophila) pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus) ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) ponderosa pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum cryptopodum) ponderosa pine forest ponderosa pine-noble fir forest ponderosa pine-pinyon-juniper forest population population (human) population control population decline population density population dynamics porcine zonae pellicudae Porites ades (coral) porosity porphyry porpoises (Phocoenidae) post-altithermal age post-hypsithermal post oak (Quercus stellata) post oak savanna potash potassium (K) potassium oxide (K2O) potato dwarfdandelion (Krigia dandelion) potholes (geologic) powder post beetles (Lyctidae) powdery mildew power lines power plants prairie prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus) prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) prairie spotted skunk (Spilogale interrupta) prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor) Pratilepus (prehistoric rabbit) Precambrian precipitate precipitation precipitation storage gauges predation predators pregnancy prehistoric animals prehistoric bats prehistoric birds prehistoric cats prehistoric crocodiles prehistoric fish prehistoric horses prehistoric land snails prehistoric mammals prehistoric mollusks (Mollusca) prehistoric newt (Taricha) prehistoric peccaries prehistoric plants prehistoric reptiles prehistoric rodents prehistoric sloths prehistoric tapirs (Tapirus) prehistoric termites (Isoptera) prehistoric trees prehistoric turtles prehistoric ungulates prehistoric zebras prehnite-pumpellyite facies premature births prescribed burns prescribed natural fire preservation prickly Russian thistle (Salsola kali) pride of Ohio (Dodecatheon meadia) pride of Rochester (Deutzia) primary productivity princess tree (Paulownia tomentosa) priority species productivity progradational sequences Promerycochoerinae (prehistoric oreodont) prominent moths (Notodontidae) pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) prongill mayfly (Choroterpes) propagation Prosthennops (prehistoric peccary) Protapirus robustus (prehistoric tapir) protozoa prunus (Prunus) Prymnesium parvum (golden algae) Psathyrella (fungus) Pseudogarypus hypogeus (arachnid) Pseudohazis chinatiensis (giant silkworm moth) pseudokarst pseudomonas (pathogen) pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpionida) psilomelane ptarmigan (Lagopus) pterosaurs Puerto Rican Screech-owl (Otus nudipes) pulp mills pumice pumice deposition zone pumpellyite punkie (Culicoides) pupfishes purple fiveleaf orchid (Isotria verticillata) purple gaymallow (Batesimalva violacea) purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) purple pricklypear (Opuntia macrocentra) purple sage (Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana) purple sand verbena (Abronia angustifolia) purple transennella (Transennella tantilla) push-up blocks pussytoes (Antennaria pulchella) pussytoes (Antennaria) pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) pygmy rock crab (Cancer oregonensis) pyralid moths (Pyralidae) Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis (snail) pyrite pyroclastics pyroheliometer graphs pyroxene pythium blight (Pythium aphanidermatum) Q fever (disease) quackgrass (Elytrigia repens var. repens ) quahaug (Mercenaria mercenaria) quahogs (Mercenaria) quail (Odontophorinae) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) quarries quartz Quaternary queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus) Quetzalcoatlus (pterosaur) rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus) rabbitbrush heathgoldenrod (Ericameria bloomeri) rabbits & hares (Leporidae) Rabdotus schiedeanus (desert snail) rabies racer snake (Coluber) radar radiation radiaxial calcite radio emissions radio telemetry radio waves radioactive particles radioactivity Radiolarian radionuclides radium (Ra) radon (Rn) Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Plecotus rafinesquii) rafting rafts (speleothem) railroads rails (Rallus) rain forest rainbow cactus (Echinocereus pectinatus var. dasyacanthus) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) rainwater ranching range range condition range management ranger districts rangers raptors rare species rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) razor clams (Siliqua) RCRA (Resource Conservation Recovery Act) Recent reclamation recovery recreation red alder (Alnus rubra) red algae (rhodophyceae) red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) red-backed voles (Clethrionomys) red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) red buckeye (Aesculus pavia) red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) red-faced warbler (Cardellina rubrifrons) red fir forest red fir-white fir forest red fox (Vulpes vulpes) red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) red-legged frog (Rana aurora) red maple (Acer rubrum) red oak (Quercus rubra) red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) red rock crab (Cancer productus) red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) red snow red spruce (Picea rubens) red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) red tide red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) red wolf (Canis rufus) reddish egret (Egretta rufescens) redds redfish (Sebastes) redhead (Aythya americana) redox potential redring milkweed (Asclepias variegata) redstem ceanothus (Ceanothus sanguineus) redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) redwood (Sequoia) redwood forest reed grass (Calamagrostis) reefs reforestation refractive index regulations rehabilitation (injured animals) reintroduction (species) relative humidity release (species) relict forest relict species remote sensing renal coccidiosis Renibacterium salmoniarum (bacteria) repellents reproduction reptiles (Reptilia) rescues research & studies research methods Research Natural Areas (RNA) reseeding reserves reservoirs residual dry matter (RDM) resin acids (pollutant) resistivity Resource Basic Inventory (RBI) resource management respiration restoration restricted species resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp. polypodioides) reticulated gecko (Coleonyx reticulatus) Retusa cannaliculata (gastropod) revegetation Rhadine beetles Rhadine longicollis (beetle) Rhagidia Rhaphidophorinae (camel crickets & true cave crickets) rheamorphic tuff Rhinanisus chisoensis (cossonine weevil) rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) rhizopods (Rhizopoda) rhodonite rhyolite porphyry rhyolites Rhysodesmus chisosi (desert millipede) Riccia canaliculata (bryophyte) ridges riffle sculpin (Cottus gulosus) rifts (geologic) right-of-way (ROW) rights rime rimmed naval lichen (Rhizoplaca melanophthalma) ring dikes ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) Rio Grande bluntnose shiner (Notropis simus simus) Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora) Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni) Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki virginalis) Rio Grande pricklypear (Opuntia aureispina) Rio Grande shiner (Notropis jemezanus) Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) Riodinidae (metalmarks butterflies) riparian hardwood forest riparian zone riprap Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) river channel river cooter (Pseudemys concinna) river deltas river terrace system rivers & streams roads rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea) rock failure rock flour rock glaciers rock mouse (Peromyscus difficilis) rock pocket mouse (Chaetodipus intermedius) rock squirrel (Spermophilus variegatus) rock wren (Salpinctes obsoletus) rockfalls rockfish (Sebastes) rocks rockslides rocky intertidal zone rocky mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) Rocky Mountain pussytoes (Antennaria media) Rocky mountain woodsia (Woodsia scopulina) rocky subtidal zone rodenticide rodents (Rodentia) roosts root disease rooting depth roots roseate spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja) roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) rosemock vervain (Glandularia canadensis) rosy finch (Leucosticte) Rotenone (pesticide) rotifers (Rotifera) rough-legged hawk (Buteo lagopus) roughskin newt (Taricha granulosa) round fungus beetles (Leiodidae) round-tailed horned lizard (Phrynosoma modestum) round worms (Nematoda) roundhead pine beetle (Dendroctonus adjunctus) roundleaf buffaloberry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) roundlobed hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa) Roundup roundworms (Nematodes) rove beetles (Staphylinidae) royal tern (Sterna maxima) Rubidium (Rb) ruby-crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula) ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) rue anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides) ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) Rufous-sided Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) run size runoff rushes (Juncaceae) Russian thistle (Salsola kali tenuifolia) rusty blackhaw (Viburnum rufidulum) rye (Secale) Sacramento Mountain salamander (Aneides hardii) Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis) Sacramento waxydogbane (Cycladenia humilis) safety sage (Salvia) sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli) sage thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) sagebrush (Artemisia) sagebrush habitat sagebrush steppe sagebrush vole (Lemmiscus curtatus) salamanders (Caudata) salinity salinity zones Salmo iridea salmon & trout (Salmonidae) salmonids salt (NaCl) salt flats salt marshes salt petre salt ponds salt spray salt water salt water barrier salt water intrusion salt water spills saltation (geology) saltcedar (Tamarix) saltmarsh common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas sunuosa) saltmarsh mosquito (Aedes sollicitans) saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) salvage timber sampling techniques San Miguel island song sparrow (Melospiza melodia micronyx) San Miguel Sea Lion Virus (SMSV) sand sand drum (Umbrina coroides) sand dunes sand flies sand formation sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) sandbars Sandberg's bluegrass (Poa secunda) sandbur (Cenchrus) sanderling (Calidris alba) sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) sandpipers, phalaropes and allies (Scolopacidae) sandstone Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis) sandy soil Santa Barbara Island song sparrow (Malospiza melodia graminea) Santa Cruz Island sparrow (Aimophila obscura) saplings Sarcocystis (protozoan parasite) sassafras (Sassafras albidum) satellite imagery satellite telemetry saturation saucer magnolia (Magnolia X soulangiana) savanna sawflies (Hymenoptera) Saxidomus (clam) scab scablands scale insects scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) scaled slipper lobster (Scyllarus depressus) scaly gayfeather (Liatris squarrosa) Scaly-naped Pigeon (Columba squamosa) scanning electron micrograph (SEM) Scapania Scapanus (prehistoric mole) scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae) Scarites (ground beetle) Scarites subterraneus (ground beetle) scarlet catchfly (Silene subciliata) scarlet indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea) scarps scat Scelolyperus blakeae (leaf beetle) scheelite Scheer's beehive cactus (Coryphantha scheeri) schist Schoenoplectus americanus Scolopendromorpha (centipedes order) scoria scorpions (Scorpiones) scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) scotchbroom (Cytisus scoparius) Scott's oriole (Icterus parisorum) Scouler's willow (Salix scouleriana) screw worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) scrubland SCUBA diving sculpins (Cottidae) scurvy sea anemone (Anthozoa) sea anemones (Actiniaria) sea level Sea Level Rise Response Program sea otter (Enhydra lutris) sea salt nuclei (Memo) sea slugs (Opisthobranchs) sea turtles (Cheloniidae & Dermochelyidae) seabirds seagrass (Halophila) seagrass beds seagrasses seals, sea lions & walruses (Pinnipedia) seaoats (Uniola paniculata) searocket (Cakile) seashells Seashore Conservation Area seashore false bindweed (Calystegia soldanella) seaside amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) seaside goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens) seasonality seawalls seawrack (Zostera marina) sedge (Carex) sedges (Cyperaceae) sediment sediment (marine) sediment cores sediment stratigraphy sediment transport sedimentary rock sedimentation seed bank seed dispersal seed shrimp (Ostracoda) seed treatments seeding seedlings seeds seeps segmented worms (Annelida) seine survey seismic refraction seismic surveys seismicity Selaginella ansazia (prehistoric plant) selenite selenium (Se) seminole bat (Lasiurus seminolus) sensitive sites sensitive species sensitivity sequoia-mixed conifer forest serology serviceberry (Amelanchier) seston Sevin sewage sex ratio sexual dimorphism shale sharks sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) sharptail snake (Contia tenuis) Shasta Country arnica (Arnica venosa) Shasta ground sloth (Nothrotheriops shastense) Shasta red fir (Abies X shastensis) sheep (domestic) sheep fescue (Festuca ovina) sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) sheeting shell middens shellfish shellfish collecting shellfish growing shield volcanoes shipworms shoals shoalweed (Halodule beaudettei) shoestring root rot (Amillaria) shore flies (Ephydridae) shorebirds shorebirds, gulls, auks, and allies (Charadriiformes) shoreline shoreline change shoreline seapurslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum) short-billed dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus) short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassii) shorthair reedgrass (Calamagrostis breweri) shorthair sedge (Carex exserta) shorthorn steershead (Dicentra pauciflora) shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) shortleaf pine forest shortpod thelypody (Thelypodium brachycarpum) Shoshone sculpin (Cottus greenei) shrews (Soricidae) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrub-grassland shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella) shrubland shrubs Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) side-blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana) sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) Siderastrea siderea (coral) Sierra fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) Sierran columbine (Aquilegia pubescens) Sierran false needlegrass (Ptilagrostis kingii) sierran primrose (Primula suffrutescens) signs & markers sika deer (Cervus nippon) silica (SiO2) silicates silicic siliciclastics silicon (Si) silicon dioxide (SiO2) silktree (Albizia julibrissin) silky beach peavine (Lathyrus littoralis) silky pocket mouse (Perognathus flavus) silt siltstone Silurian silver (Ag) silver burr ragweed (Ambrosia chamissonis) silver fir beetle silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) silver maple (Acer saccharinum) silver seatrout (Cynoscion nothus) silver trout silverfish (Lepisma saccharina) silverside minnows (Menidia) Simidectes (prehistoric insectivorous mammal) simil onion (Allium simillimum) Simulium jenningsi (a black fly) singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) sinkholes Sitka alder (Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata) Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Sitka spruce-hemlock forest size skiing skin beetles (Cryptorhopalum) skinks (Eumeces and Scincella) skippers (Hesperiidae) skunkbush sumac (Rhus trilobata) skunks (Mephitis, Spilogale & Conepatus) slash pine (Pinus elliottii) slenderstem monkeyflower (Mimulus filicaulis) slides slime molds (Myxomycetes) slimfoot century plant (Agave gracilipes) slimy salamander (Plethodon glutinosus) slope slope stability small ballmoss (Tillandsia recurvata) small white fawnlily (Erythronium albidum) smalleaf giant hyssop (Agastache parvifolia) smallleaf giant hyssop (Agastache parvifolia) smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) smectite smoke management smooth aster (Aster laevis) smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) smooth yellow violet (Viola pubescens var. pubescens) snags snails (Gastropoda) snakes (Serpentes) snapping turtles (Chelydridae) Sneed's foxtail cactus (Escobaria sneedii var. sneedii) Sneed's pincushion cactus (Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) snook (Centropomus undecimalis) snow snow goose (Chen caerulescens) Snow Mountain beardtongue (Penstemon purpusii) snow removal snow surveys snow temperature snow trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) snowberry (Symphoricarpos) snowbrush ceanothus (Ceanothus velutinus) snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) snowfall snowfields snowmobiles snowpack snowplant (Sarcodes sanguinea) snowplay snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) snowshoeing snowstorms snowy egret (Egretta thula) snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca) snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) soapplant (Chlorogalum) soaptree yucca (Yucca elata) social behavior social organization social trails sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) sodium (Na) softshell clam (Mya arenaria) soil aeration soil associations soil chemistry soil compaction soil conservation soil contamination soil formation soil microbes soil moisture soil piping soil profiles soil properties soil stability soil temperature soil treatments soil types soils solar radiation soldier fly (Hedriodiscus truquii) Solenopora texana (algae) solids (water quality) song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) songbirds (Passeriformes) Sonoma spineflower (Chorizanthe valida) Sonoran fleabane (Erigeron mimegletes) Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) sooty tern (Sterna fuscata) sotol (Dasylirion) sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) south Texas pocket gopher (Geomys personatus personatus) southeastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus) southern alligator lizard (Gerrhonotus multicarinatus) southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi) southern California screech owl southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) southern fairyfan (Clarkia australis) southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) southern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys torridus) southern lady's slipper (Cypripedium kentuckiense) southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia) southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) southern quahog (Mercenaria campechiensis) southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) southern red oak (Quercus falcata) southern redbelly snake (Storeria occipitomaculata obscura) southern sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciousus) southern woodchuck (Marmota monax monax) southwestern pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus barberi) southwestern ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus) southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) SOx soybean (Glycine max) Spanish broom (Spartium junceum) Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Sparedrus depressus (pollen-feeding beetle) sparrows spatter cones spawning spearwort buttercup (Ranunculus flammula) special use permits specialization species associations species composition species evenness species identification species richness species status specific gravity specimens speckled chub (Macrhybopsis aestivalis) speckled king snake (Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki) speckled trout spectral aging spectral reflectance spectroscopy speleogenesis speleothems Spermatophyta sphagnum marshes sphecid wasps (Sphecidae) sphene sphinx moths (Sphingidae) spiders (Araneae) spike watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) spiked crested coralroot (Hexalectris spicata) spiny backed spider (Gasteracantha cancriformis) spiny lizards (Sceloporus) spinystar (Escobaria vivipara var. radiosa) spinystar (Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara) spinystar (Escobaria vivipara) Spiranthes parasitica spoil islands sponges (Porifera) sporocarps sports spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) spotted geranium (Geranium maculatum) spotted ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) spreading woodfern (Dryopteris expansa) spring (season) spring coralroot (Corallorrhiza wisteriana) spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) springs spruce (Picea) spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum) spruce beetle (Dendroctonus) spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) spruce-fir forest spruce grouse (Dendragapus canadensis) spurge (Euphorbia) squawcarpet (Ceanothus prostratus) squirrel tree frog (Hyla squirella) squirrelcorn (Dicentra canadensis) squirrels (Sciuridae) St. Anthony's turnip (Ranunculus bulbosus) St. Thomas pricklyash (Zanthoxylum thomasianum) stabilization (erosion control) staff stained macoma (Macoma inquinata) starfish (Asteroidea) steam eruptions steam vents Steller's jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) Stephens' penstemon (Penstemon stephensii) stereoscopic images sterilization (reproductive) Stibadium caesium (noctuid moth) sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) stinkpot turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) stocking (fish) Stolid Flycatcher (Myiarchus stolidus) stomach contents stonecrop (Sedum) stoneflies (Plecoptera) stork's bill (Erodium) storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) storm surge storms stranding strangler fig (Clusia rosea) stratification (water) stratigraphy stream gradient streptococci stress (geologic) stress fields striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) stromatolites strontium (Sr) structural geology sturgeons (Acipenseridae) stylolites Subalites (prehistoric plant) subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) subalpine fir forest subalpine larch (Larix lyallii) subalpine zone subduction subduction zone sublittoral zone submerged aquatic vegetation submersibles subsidence subsistence substrate subterranean rivers & streams subterrene succession suckers (Catostomidae) sugar maple (Acer saccharum) sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) Suksdorf's silene (Silene suksdorfii) Suleima medaciana (tortricid moth) sulfates (SO4) sulfides sulfur (S) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) sulphur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta) Sumichrast's toothpick grasshopper (Achurum sumichrasti) summer summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) summer grape (Vitis aestivalis) sunfishes (Centrarchidae) sunflower family (Asteraceae) sunlight Sunset Crater beardtongue (Penstemon clutei) Superfund sites supralittoral zone surf zone survey (opinions) survey points Swainson's hawk (Buteo swainsoni) Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) Swainson's warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) swamps sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) swifts (Apodidae) swimming syenites sympatry symplectic coronas Syringodium (seagrass) Tachinidae (fly) Tachyporinae (rove beetle) Tadarida constantinei (prehistoric free-tailed bat) tadpole shrimp (Notostraca) tadpoles tag alder (Alnus serrulata) tagging tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) talc tallowtree (Sapium sebiferum) tannic acid Tanyoprymnus moneduloides (digger wasp) Tanypterichthys pridensis (prehistoric fish) tapeworms (Cestoda) taphonomy Tapirira clarnoensis (prehistoric tree) tarantulas (Theraphosidae) tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) tarsonemid mites taxonomy taxoplasmosis (disease) teacher's guide tectonics teddybear cholla (Opuntia bigelovii) teeth Tehama pincushionplant (Navarretia heterandra) telephotometer Teletaceras radinskyi (prehistoric rhinocerotid) Temnocyon ferox (prehistoric carnivore) temperature tepees (geologic) tephrochronology Tequla funebralis (snail) terminal run (salmon) termites (Isoptera) terns (Sterninae) terpenes terraces terrestrial territoriality territory Tertiary Texan phlox (Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis) Texas banded gecko (Coleonyx brevis) Texas Dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia reticulata) Texas false agave (Hechtia texensis) Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) Texas lyre snake (Trimorphodon biscatus vilkinsoni) Texas madrone (Arbutus xalapensis) Texas root rot Texas screwstem (Bartonia texana) Texas spotted whiptail (Cnemidophorus gularis) Texas tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri) Thalassia (seagrass) Thalictrum rainierense (meadow-rue) Thallandsia utriculata (bromeliad) Thallophyta the USDA PLANTS database Thelandros salamandrae (a parasitic nematode) Thelastoma collare (Nematoda) thenardite thermal stratification thermal streams thermographs thermohyet thermophilic algae thermoregulation Thermosphaeroma subequalum (isopod) thick-billed kingbird (Tyrannus crassirostris) thick finger coral (Porites porites) thicket butterfly orchid (Encyclia bifida) thinleaf alder (Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia ) thistle Thizina root rot tholeiites Thomas' lidflower (Calyptranthes thomasiana) thornless moraine honeylocust (Gleditsia tricanthos var. inermis) threadstalk milkvetch (Astragalus filipes) threatened & endangered species threats three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) three-toed box turtle (Terrapene carolina) three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) threebract onion (Allium tribracteatum) thrips (Thysanoptera) Thuricide (pesticide) thyroids Tiarella uniforliata (foam flower) Ticholeptinae (prehistoric oreodont) tickseed (Coreopsis) tidepools tides tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi) tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) timber timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) time domain survey tin (Sn) Tinosporeae (prehistoric plant) tissue titanium (Ti) titanium-augite-bearing rocks TOCHECK tomato (Lycopersicon) topography tornados torosaurus Torrey's yucca (Yucca torreyi) torsion-balance tortricid moths (Tortricidae) towhee (Pipilo) Townsend's big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii) Townsend's chipmunk (Tamias townsendii) Townsend's mole (Scapanus townsendii) Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii) Townsends big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) towpaths toxic organic carbon (TOC) toxic plants toxic spills toxins trace elements trace metals tracers (dye) tracers (radioactive) trachytes traffic trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens) trailing phlox (Phlox nivalis) trailing St. Johnswort (Hypericum anagalloides) trails trampling Trans-Pecos rat snake (Elaphe subocularis) transects transmission lines transmissivity transparent milkvetch (Astragalus diaphanus) TransPecos beargrass (Nolina arenicola) Transpecos maidenbush (Andrachne arida) Transpecos stinkleaf (Nectouxia formosa) transpiration transplanting transport (ecologic) transportation traplines trapping travertine trays (speleothem) tree cholla (Opuntia imbricata var. argentea) tree cholla (Opuntia imbricata) tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) tree molds tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) tree of heaven (Ailanthus) tree swallow (Iridoprocne bicolor) treehole mosquitos trees tremolite trespass triangle waterfern (Ceratopteris richardii) triangularis) Triassic tribal fisheries trichloroethylene (TCE) Trichlorofluoromethane Trichobius (bat fly) Trichochrous texanus (soft-winged flower beetle) Trichophya (rove beetle) Trichophya texana (rove beetle) trilobites (prehistoric arthropod) Triozosneura (moth) Triplochitioxylon (Sterculiaceae) (prehistoric tree) Tripudia chihuahua (noctuid moth) Trisetum tritium troglobites troglophiles trogloxenes Trombicula lacerticola (chigger) trophic state tropical trotlines true fir forest true fir-hemlock forest true mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) true wasps (Vespidae) truffles (Tuber) trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) trumpet honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) tsunamis tubeworms tufa tuff tufted flycatcher (Mitrephanes phaeocercus) tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) tulip pricklypear (Opuntia phaeacantha) tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera) tumbleweeds tumors (plant) tundra swan (Cygnus columbiana) tungsten (W) Tunicata turbidity turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) turpentine turtlegrass (Thalassia testudina) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) tussock moths (Lymantriidae) twig beetle (Pityophthorus) twig girdler (Styloxus bicolor) twoneedle pinyon (Pinus edulis) twospike rockdaisy (Perityle bisetosa) Typhloroncus (pseudoscorpion) tyrannosaurus tyuyamunite ultramafic ultraviolet light Umbra limi (prehistoric fish) umbrella magnolia (Magnolia tripetala) unconformities underground storage tanks (UST's) understory ungulates upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) uplift (geologic) uranium (U) Urban's holly (Ilex urbaniana) Uredinales (fungi) urine Urosporidium spisuli (protozoa) Ursia furtiva (prominent moth) US Forest Service Utah bladderfern (Cystopteris utahensis) Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) UTM coordinates vadose vadose zone Vaejovis chisos (scorpion) Vaejovis coahuilae (scorpion) vagabond holospira (Holospira montivaga) vagrant shrew (Sorex vagrans) vagrants Van Dyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei) vanadium (V) vandalism vapor pressure variable coquina (Donax variabilis) variegated milkweed (Asclepias variegata) vasevine (Clematis viorna) vectors (disease) vegetation vegetation change vegetation types velocity velvet ants (Mutillidae) Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis venomous species vents (geologic) Venus' pride (Houstonia purpurea) vermiculite vermillion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) vernal pools vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) vetch (Vicia) video cassette videotaping vinegarweed (Lessingia) vines violet woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea) vireos (Vireonidae) Virginia big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii virginianus) Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita) Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) Virginia tephrosia (Tephrosia virginiana) virile crayfish (Orconectes virilis) viruses visibility visitors visual resources vocalizations & sounds volatile organic compounds (VOC) volatiles (geologic) volcanic activity volcanic ash volcanic bombs volcanic eruptions volcanic formations volcanic rocks volcanic soils volcanism volcanoes voles volume volunteers VSS (volatile suspended solids) wading birds walking fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum) walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) wallows walnut (Juglans) walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima) warblers warblers & sparrows (Emberizidae) warblers (Vermivora, Parula, and Dendroica) Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) washovers waste management water water bears (Tardigrada) water birds water color water diversion water fleas (Cladocera) water impoundment water infiltration water level water minerslettuce (Montia chamissoi) water quality water resource management water resources water rights water shrew (Sorex palustris) water sources (wildlife) water tanks water temperature water transparency water use waterfalls waterfowl waterhyacinth moth (Sameodes albiguttalis) watersheds waterthyme (Hydrilla verticillata) wave-cut terraces waves wavy scaly cloakfern (Astrolepis sinuata ssp. sinuata) wax currant (Ribes cereum) way trails weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) weasels (Mustela) weather weather stations weathering webworm weeds weevils (Curculionidae) Weidmeyer's admiral (Basilarchia weidemeyerii) weight welded tuff Welderella parvella (snout mouth) wells West Indian livingvase (Aechmea lingulata) western azalea (Rhododendron occidentale) western bloodsucking conenose (Triatoma protracta) western chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata) western columbine (Aquilegia formosa) western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) Western Flycatcher (Epidonax difficilis) western goldfern (Pentagrama triangularis ssp. triangularis) western grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) western gull (Larus occidentalis) western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis) western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) western hemlock-Douglas fir forest western hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria) western hooknosed snake (Gyalopion canum) western jumping mouse (Zapus princeps) western jumping mouse (Zapus trinotatus orarius) western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) western mastiff bat (Eumops perotis) western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) western mud snake (Farancia abacura reinwardti) western needlegrass (Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus) western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) western pipistrelle (Pipistrellus hesperus) western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) western red-backed vole (Clethrionomys californicus) western redcedar (Thuja plicata) western sand piper (Calidris mauri) western skink (Eumeces skiltonianus) western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis) western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) western swordfern (Polystichum munitum) western tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum) western toad (Bufo boreas) western whiptail (Cnemidophorus tigris) western wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus) wetland pine savanna community wetlands whales & dolphins (Cetacea) wheatstem sawflies (Cephus) whipporwhill flower (Trillium cernuum) whiptails (Cnemidophorus) whiskerbush (Coryphantha ramillosa) white-ankled mouse (Peromyscus pectoralis) white ash (Fraxinus americana) white bass (Morone chrysops) white bladderpod (Lesquerella pallida) white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) White-crown Pigeon (Columba leucocephala) white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) white fir (Abies concolor) white fir-mixed conifer forest white fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus intertextus var. intertextus) white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) white-headed woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus) white mullet (Mugil curema) white oak (Quercus alba) white pine (Pinus strobus) white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) White Sands wood rat (Neotoma micropus leucophaea) white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) white shooting star white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) white spruce (Picea glauca) white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) white-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus townsendii) white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) white-throated swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) white-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica) whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) whitecolumn foxtail cactus (Escobaria tuberculosa) whitefish whitehead (fish) whiteroot rush (Juncus brachycarpus) whitetop (plant) whitewater crowfoot (Ranunculus aquatilis) wholeleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja integra var. integra) whooping crane (Grus americana) widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima) wild & scenic rivers Wild and Scenic Rivers Act wild blue phlox (Phlox divaricata) wild boar (Sus scrofa) wild onion (Allium) wild phlox (Phlox) wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Wilderness Act (PL 88-577) wilderness areas wildflowers wildlife management Wildlife Refuges Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) willow (Salix) willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) wind wind direction wind power wind speed wind-tidal flats windthrow winged walkingsticks (Phasmatidae) winter winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata) wolverine (Gulo gulo) wolves wood duck (Aix sponsa) wood gnats (Anisopodidae) wood lily (Lilium philadelphicum) wood warblers (Parulinae) Woodbury's stingingbush (Malpighia woodburyana) woodchuck (Marmota monax) woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousii) woodpeckers & allies (Picidae) woodrat middens woodrats (Neotoma) woodrush (Luzula) woody rockcress (Arabis suffrutescens) woolly alder aphid (Prociphilus imbricator) woolly breeches (Amsinckia spectabilis) woolly lipfern (Cheilanthes tomentosa) woolly milkvetch (Astragalus mollissimus) woolly nipple cactus (Mammillaria nivosa) woolly ragwort (Senecio tomentosus) woollypod milkvetch (Astragalus purshii) Wooton's milkvetch (Astragalus wootonii) World Heritage Park designation world map lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum) worms Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) Wright's nipple cactus (Mammillaria wrightii) Wyoming big sage x-ray analysis Xanthoparmelia Xantus' murrelet (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) xenoliths Xylocopa californica (a carpenter bee) Xylocopa californica arizonensis (carpenter bee) xyris (Xyris) Yabeina yeast yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) yellow-billed magpie (Pica nuttalli) yellow-blotched Ensatina (Ensatina croceator) yellow-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium elmiri) yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) yellow lady-slipper (Cypripedium calceolus) yellow-nosed cotton rat (Sigmodon ochrognathus) yellow perch (Perca flavescens) yellow pine yellow-pine chipmunk (Tamias amoenus) yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) yellow-rumped warbler (Dendroica coronata) yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) yellow tripletlily (Triteleia crocea var. crocea) yellow troutlily (Erythronium rostratum) yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia) yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus) yellowjackets & hornets (Vespinae) yerba de pasmo (Baccharis pteronioides) yoke darter (Etheostoma juliae) Yorktown onion (Allium ampeloprasum var. atrovoilaceum) Yosemite bitterroot (Lewisia disepala) Yosemite onion (Allium yosemitense) Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus) Yosemite woollysunflower (Eriophyllum nubigenum) Yttrium (Y) yucca yucca moth (Tegeticula yuccasella) Yuma myotis (Myotis yumaensis) Zale chisoensis (noctuid moth) Zamagiria kendalli (snout moth) Zenaida (dove genus) zeolite zeolitic diagenesis zinc (Zn) Zirconium (Zr) zircons zone-tailed hawk (Buteo albonotatus) zoning zooplankton --------------------------------------------------------------------------- American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) American eel (Anguilla rostrata) American shad (Alosa sapidissima) American vultures (Cathartidae) animal behavior Anoles (Anolis) Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC): arrow crab (Cyphoma gibbosum) Arrow crab (Stenorhynchus seticornis) Asiatic tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum) bats (Chiroptera) birds (Aves) black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) Black rat (Rattus rattus) Black tunicate (Ascidia nigra) bluffs breat land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) burned area California quail (Callipepla californica) California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) California vole (Microtus californicus) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) chain pickerel (Esox niger) Chicken liver sponge (Chondrilla nucula) Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps) Chondrilla sp. (sponge) Chuckwalla (Sauromalus obesus) Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) common juniper (Juniperus communis) common shiner (Notropis cornutus) competition (species) coney (Cephalopholis fulva) Crested anole (Anolis cristatellus) crippled cranefly (Tipularia discolor) Desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) diseases dispersion Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) Dwarf geckos (Sphaerodactylus) Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) Eastern screech-owl (Otus asio) epizootic evaporation fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) fire fish foureye butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus) French grunt (Haemulon flavloineatum) frogs & toads (Salientia) golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) granivory great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus) Gulf Coast kangaroo rat (Dipodomys compactus) Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni) Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) incense cedar (Calocedrus) Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) interference competition kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) knolls landforms lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris) Least flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) litter Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) Little pocket-mouse (Perognathus longimembris) lizards (Lacertilia) Loggerhead sponge (Ircinia strobilina) mammals (Mammalia) Marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) Mastiff-bats (Eumops) mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) mile a minute vine (Ipomoea cairica) Mona boa (Epicrates monensis) multiple births muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) Neotropical worm lizards (Amphisbaena) New World rats and mice (Sigmodontinae) Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) Northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) owls (Strigiformes) parrotfishes (Scaridae) Pederson's cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni) pine (Pinus) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) Pocket mice (Perognathus) pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) queen parrotfish (Scarus vetula) queen triggerfish (Balistes vetula) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) Red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Red fig-eating bat (Stenoderma rufum) Red-legged frog (Rana aurora) Red sponge (Haliclona rubens) Red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus) redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) reproduction Ringed anemone (Bartholomea annulata) rodents (Rodentia) rosy finch (Leucosticte arctoa) scaps Scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) seed bank seed collection seeds shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) snakes (Serpentes) sorghum (Sorghum propinquum) southern stingray (Dasyatis americana) Southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega) Spanish hogfish (Bodianus rufus) Spotted cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes yucatanicus) squirrels (Sciuridae) St. Croix anole (Anolis acutus) St. Croix ground lizard (Ameiva polops) sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) Surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) Thrushes (Turdinae) transpiration trees Tube sponge (Callyspongia vaginalis) Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) Virgin Islands tree boa (Epicrates monenesis granti) voles warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) weasels (Mustela) West Indies spiny lobster (Panulirus argas) Western banded gecko (Coleonyx variegatus) Western bluebird (Sialia mexicana) Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) white perch (Morone americana) White-tailed antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus) Wood-warblers (Parulinae) woodpeckers & allies (Picidae) woodrats (Neotoma) yellow bullhead (Ictalurus natalis) yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) prehistoric fish Big-eared kangaroo rat (Dipodomys elephantinus) California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) California pocket mouse (Chaetodipus californicus) California vole (Microtus californicus) desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni) ornate shrew (Sorex ornatus) Agathiceras (mollusk) American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) American eel (Anguilla rostrata) American egret (Egretta alba) American shad (Alosa sapidissima) American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) American vultures (Cathartidae) amphibians (Amphibia) amphibians (Amphibia) animal behavior Annellus californicus (fossil plankton) Anoles (Anolis) Anopheles hermsi (mosquito) anorthosite antimony (Sb) ants (Formicidae) aphyllophorales (fungi?) Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC): arenite argon (Ar) arkose arrow crab (Cyphoma gibbosum) Arrow crab (Stenorhynchus seticornis) Asiatic tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum) audio-magnetotelluric soundings Baccharis malibuensis (flower) basalts bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bees, ants & wasps (Hymenoptera) Belding's sparrow (Passerculus beldingi) bell's vireo (Vireo bellii) bigpod ceanothus (Ceanothus megacarpus) Biplica birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) bitumen black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) Black rat (Rattus rattus) black sage (Salvia mellifera) Black scoter (Melanitta nigra) Black tunicate (Ascidia nigra) Black vulture (Coragyps atratus) blue oak (Quercus douglasii) bluffs Brant (Branta bernicla) breat land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) Broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypterus) brooktite brown algae (Phaeophyceae) brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) bryophytes (Bryophyta) bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) burned area butterflies & moths (Lepidoptera) calcareous rocks calcium (Ca) calcium carbonate California live oak (Quercus agrifolia) California mountain kingsnake (Lampropeltis zonata) California quail (Callipepla californica) California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) California sycamore (Platanus racemosa) California treefrog (Hyla cadaverina) California vole (Microtus californicus) California walnut (Juglans californica) California white oak (Quercus lobata) Calileuctra (stonefly genus) Calileuctra dobryi (stonefly) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) caves ceanothus (Ceanothus) chain pickerel (Esox niger) chemistry chemistry chemistry chemistry chemistry chemistry chemistry Chicken liver sponge (Chondrilla nucula) Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps) Chondrilla sp. (sponge) Chuckwalla (Sauromalus obesus) Cinulia obliqua (fossil gastropod?) clastic rocks clinoptilolite Clistobothrium carcharodoni (shark parasite) Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) coal columnar basalt common chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) common juniper (Juniperus communis) Common musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) common shiner (Notropis cornutus) competition (species) coney (Cephalopholis fulva) conglomerate Crested anole (Anolis cristatellus) crippled cranefly (Tipularia discolor) crustaceans (Crustacea) deciduous trees Desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) diseases dispersion dissolved ions Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) Dwarf geckos (Sphaerodactylus) eagles, kites, hawks & allies (Accipitridae) Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) eastern painted turtle (Chysemys picta picta) Eastern screech-owl (Otus asio) echinoderms (Echinodermata) edible plants Elphidiella hannai (fossil) epistilbite epizootic ethnobotany evaporation fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) ferrierite finches & allies (Fringillidae) fire fire fire fighting fire management fire suppression firebreaks fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fossils fossils fossils fossils fossils fossils foureye butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus) French grunt (Haemulon flavloineatum) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) fungi Ganolytes cameo (prehistoric fish) gases gastropods (Gastropoda) gastropods (Gastropoda) geomorphology geomorphology geophysics geophysics golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) granivory gray-crowned rosy finch (Leucosticte tephrocotis) great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus) griffithite Gulf Coast kangaroo rat (Dipodomys compactus) Gulf Coast kangaroo rat (Dipodomys compactus) gyrolite habitat fragmentation halides Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni) Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) incense cedar (Calocedrus) Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) interference competition Jefferson's salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) kelp kergen kingsnake (Lampropeltis) knolls krypton (Kr) landforms lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris) laurel-sumac (Malosma laurina) least Bell's vireo (Viero bellii pusillus) Least flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) limestone litter Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) Little pocket-mouse (Perognathus longimembris) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) Loggerhead sponge (Ircinia strobilina) Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) Lyon's pygmydaisy (Pentachaeta lyonii) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mapping Marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) Mastiff-bats (Eumops) mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) Meekia Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) Mielichhoferia tehamensis (bryophyte?) mile a minute vine (Ipomoea cairica) minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals Mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) mollusks (Mollusca) mollusks (Mollusca) mollusks (Mollusca) mollusks (Mollusca) Mona boa (Epicrates monensis) mosquito fish (Gambusia) mosquitoes (Culicidae) multiple births muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) neon (Ne) neon (Ne) Neotropical worm lizards (Amphisbaena) New World rats and mice (Sigmodontinae) Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) Northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) oak (Quercus) oak (Quercus) oak (Quercus) Oncorhynchus Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) owls (Strigiformes) owls (Strigiformes) Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) paleocurrent Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) palynomorphs pampas grass (Cortaderia) parasites parrotfishes (Scaridae) Pederson's cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni) pericarids piddocks (Pholadidae) pine (Pinus) Plagiostoma (fossils) plane trees (Platanaceae) plane-trees (Platanaceae) plane-trees (Platanaceae) plankton plants pocket gophers (Geomyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) Pocket mice (Perognathus) prehistoric animals prehistoric animals Proceratium californicum (ant) pseudomorphs pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) queen parrotfish (Scarus vetula) queen triggerfish (Balistes vetula) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) Red-bellied turtle (Pseudemys rubriventris) Red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Red fig-eating bat (Stenoderma rufum) Red-legged frog (Rana aurora) Red sponge (Haliclona rubens) Red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus) red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) redshank (Adenostoma sparsifolium) refugia reproduction reptiles (Reptilia) reserves rheology rhyodacite Ringed anemone (Bartholomea annulata) (Memo) rivers & streams rocks rocks rocks rocks rodents (Rodentia) rodents (Rodentia) rodents (Rodentia) rodents (Rodentia) rodents (Rodentia) rosy finch (Leucosticte arctoa) sage (Salvia) salamanders (Caudata) salamanders (Caudata) salamanders (Caudata) saltmarsh bird's beak (Cordylanthus maritimus maritimus) sandstone Santa Ana winds Santa Monica Mountains hairstreak (Satyrium auretorum fumosum) Santa Susana tarweed (Hemizonia minthornii) scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) scaps Scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) Schlumberger soundings sedimentary rock seed bank seed collection seeds septaria sharks sharks shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) Sierra Nevada pocket gopher Sirex longicauda (siricid insect) slope caves snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) sorghum (Sorghum propinquum) southern stingray (Dasyatis americana) Southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega) Spanish hogfish (Bodianus rufus) sparrows spiny ceanothus (Ceanothus spinosus) Spotted cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes yucatanicus) spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) squirrels (Sciuridae) squirrels (Sciuridae) squirrels (Sciuridae) squirrels (Sciuridae) St. Croix anole (Anolis acutus) St. Croix ground lizard (Ameiva polops) state parks stilbite stoneflies (Plecoptera) (Memo) stoneflies (Plecoptera) sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) sunflower family (Asteraceae) Surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) talus thomsonite thorium (Th) Thrushes (Turdinae) tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi) tilt networks Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) tomography transpiration tree trees trees trees trees trees trees trees trees Tube sponge (Callyspongia vaginalis) turbidites Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) Turritella (fossils) Turritella andersonii (fossil) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) Two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) Urocierus californ