From Marilyn_Ostergren@nps.gov Terms I've used as keywords: abandoned mine lands (AML) ablation (glacial) Acanthamoeba tubiashi (amoeba) Acanthocladia guadalupensis (Bryozoa) Accipiter (hawk genus) acclimitization accretion Achnatherum hymenoides acid fog acid mine drainage acid neutralizing capacity acid rain acidification acidity Acmaeoderopsis chisoensis (buprestid beetle) acoustic monitoring Acropora prolifera (coral) Acteocina candei (gastropod) active photosynthetic radiation activity level adaptation adlittoral zone Aedes (Ochlerotatus) tahoensis (mosquito) Aedes taeniorhynchus (saltmarsh mosquito) aeolian aeolian fans aerial photographs aerial photography aerial surveys aeromagnetism aerosols African pompano (Alectis ciliaris) Africanized honey bee Agaricia agaricites (lettuce coral) agarics Agathymus carlsbadensis (skipper) Agathymus mariae (skipper) agave (Agave) agave threeband (Humboldtiana agavophila) age distribution agglutinate agriculture Agrilus (Buprestid beetle) Agriochoerus (prehistoric oreodont) air circulation air pollution air quality Air Quality Related Values (AQRVs) air temperature aircraft Aitken particles Alabama snowwreath (Neviusia alabamensis) Alamosaurus (sauropod) (prehistoric reptile) alaskite albatross aglaja (Melanochlamys diomedea) albatrosses (Diomedeidae) albedo albino alder (Alnus) alder flea beetle (Microhaltica ambiens) alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) algae algal blooms algal flats algerita (Mahonia trifoliolata) aliphatic hydrocarbons alkali alkali mariposa lily (Calochortus striatus) alkali sacaton (Sporobolus airoides) alkaline rocks alkalinity alkaloids allanite Allegheny blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis) Allegheny chinkapin (Castanea pumila) Allen's hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin) allergens alligator juniper (Juniperus deppeana) alligator snapping turtle (Macroclemys temminckii) alligator thrips (Amynothrips andersoni) alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) alligatorweed flea beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) alligatorweed stem borer (Vogtia malloi) allochthonous Allocyon (prehistoric canid genus) Allomyine (prehistoric rodent) alluvium almandines alpha radiation alpine chipmunk (Tamias alpinus) alpine timothy (Phleum alpinum) alpine zone although some occur in decaying matter and elsewhere. altithermal (Cascade phase) aluminum (Al) Amanitaceae (mushroom family) American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) American avocet (Recurvirostra americana) American badger (Taxidea taxus) American basswood (Tilia americana) American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) American beaver (Castor canadensis) American beech (Fagus grandifolia) American bison (Bos bison) (Memo) American black duck (Anas rubripes) American black oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) American chestnut (Castanea dentata) American coot (Fulica americana) American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) American dunegrass (Leymus mollis ssp. mollis) American dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum) American elm (Ulmus americana) American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) American kestrel (Falco sparverius) American larch (Larix laricina) American mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) American marten (Martes americana) American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) American pika (Ochotona princeps) American robin (Turdus migratorius) American ruby spot (Hetaerina americana) American searocket (Cakile edentula) American smelt (Osmerus mordax) American swallow-tailed kite (Elanoides forficatus) American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) American troutlily (Erythronium americanum) American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) American witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Ammatomus icariodes (wasp) ammonia (NH3) ammonites ? ammonium (NH4) ammonoids (Ammonoidea) amoeba (Amoebina) amphibians (Amphibia) amphiboles amphibolite facies amphipods (Amphipoda) anadromous fish anadromous fishery Anapisona bordeaux (anapid spider) anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) anatexis anatomy anchoring andalusite Anderida peorinella (snout moth) andesite anhydrite animal behavior animal names (Native American) animal tracks animals anions Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna) annosus root and butt rot (Heterobasidion annosum) Anopina texasana (tortricid moth) antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) antibodies antigens Antillean crested hummingbird (Orthorhyncus cristatus) antilocaprid (prehistoric antelope) antimycin antlers ants (Formicidae) Apache pocket mouse (Perognathus flavescens apache) Apacheplume (Fallugia paradoxa) apatite Apatolestes actites (a pangoniine horse fly) Aphelocoma (jay genus) aphids (Aphididae) Aphrastochthonius pachysetus (pseudoscorpion) aplite aplodontids (prehistoric rodent) Apodemia mormo (metalmark butterfly) Aponomma elaphensis (tick) apple (Malus sylvestris) apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) aquaculture aquatic aquatic snails aquatic worms (Oligochaeta) aquifers arachnids (Arachnida) aragonite Arbotect (fungicide) Arceuthobium vaginatum (dwarf mistletoe) Archaeohippus (prehistoric horse) Archaeotherium (prehistoric entelodont) Archeolarca cavicola (pseudoscorpion) Archeolarca guadalupensis (pseudoscorpion) Archeolarca welbourni (pseudoscorpion) archeological excavations archeological sites archeological survey arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) arctic loon (Gavia arctica) arctic tern (Sterna paradiseae) argillization Arizona fivespined engraver beetle (Ips lecontei) Arizona prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis nuntius) Arkansas yucca (Yucca arkansana) arrow worms (Chaetognatha) Arsenal (pesticide) arsenic (As) artesian wells arthropod fallout arthropods (Arthropoda) artiodactyls (Artiodactyla) ash (Fraxinus) ash flows ash yellows (MLO infection) Ashmunella (land snails) ashy storm-petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa) asian clam (Corbicula manilensis) asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) aspect (direction facing) aspen (Populus) aspen groves aspen leaf roller assassin & thread-legged bugs (Reduviidae) Astalotesia bucurvata (inchworm moth) Aster laevis Astragalus filipes (milkvetch) Astragalus gypsodes (Legumonosae) Astragalus monumentalis (milkvetch) Astragalus purshii (milkvetch) Astropecten articulatus (starfish) Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) Atlantic hawksbill (Eretomochelys imbricata) Atlantic leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea coriaceae) Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) Atlantic mud crab (Panopeus herbsti) Atlantic rangia (Rangea cuneata) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Atlantic sand crab (Emerita talpoida) Atlantic sand fiddler (Uca pugilator) Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) atlas atmospheric pressure attapulgite attitudes attractants audio recording aufwuchs auks, murres & puffins (Alcidae) auricled twayblade (Listera auriculata) avalanches avulsion awlwort (Subularia aquatica) axis deer (Cervus axis) azalea (Rhododendron) Aztec thrush (Ridgwayia pinicola) azure bluets (Houstonia caerulea) Babesia microti (protozoa) Baccharis halimifolia Baccharis pteronioides Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) Bacillus thuringiensis (bacteria) Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (BTI) (bacteria) backcountry backcountry permits backcountry shelters bacteria Baetis magnus (mayfly) bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) ballooning spiders balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae) bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) band-tailed pigeon (Columba fasciata) banding Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) barberry (Berberis) Barbeyella minutissima (a myxomycete) Barbourofelis (prehistoric cat) barite barium (Ba) bark bark beetles (Scolytidae) bark stripping barley (Hordeum) barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) barnacles (Cirripedia) barred owl (Strix varia) barrier islands basal sliding basalts Basidiomycota (fungi division) basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus) basins (geologic) bass bassanite bastard cherry (Malpighia linearis) bat ray (Myliobatis californica) batholiths bathymetry bats (Chiroptera) bayberry (Myrica) bays & sounds beach dynamics beach grasses beach morningglory (Ipomoea imperati) beach pinweed (Lechea maritima) beach profiles beach tidytips (Layia carnosa) beaches beachgrass (Ammophila) beachgrass scale (Eriococcus carolinae) beans beard-tongue (Penstemon laevigatus) Beardslee trout beargrass (Nolina) bears (Ursidae) bedbugs (Cimicidae) bedrock beebalm (Monarda) beech bark disease beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga) Beechy ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) bees (Apoidea) bees, ants & wasps (Hymenoptera) beetles (Coleoptera) begging Belding's ground squirrel (Spermophilus beldingi) bell's vireo (Vireo bellii) bellerophontid gastropods (prehistoric) Belostoma confusum (giant water bug) benchmarks Bendire's Thrasher (Toxostoma bendirei) Benedictia (Lamellicorn beetle family) beneficial use (dredged material) bent-nosed macoma (Macoma nasuta) benthos bentonite bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Bertelia dupla (snout moth) beryllium (Be) best management practices bethylid wasps (Bethylidae) Bewick's wren (Thryomanes bewickii) bibliography bicarbonate (HCO3-) bicycling Big Bend bluegrass (Poa strictiramea) Big Bend ceratopisan (Chasmosaurus mariscalensis) Big Bend foxtail cactus (Escobaria dasyacantha var. dasyacantha) Big Bend Gambusia (Gambusia gaigei) Big Bend gecko (Coleonyx reticulatus) Big Bend slider (Chrysemys scripta gaigeae) big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) big free-tailed bat (Tadarida macrotis) big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) bigleaf snowbell (Styrax grandifolius) bigmouth chub (Nocomis platyrhynchus) bigpod lady's nightcap (Bonamia ovalifolia) Bill Williams' Mountain giant hyssop (Agastache pallidiflora) bioassay biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biochemistry biodiversity biogeochemistry biogeography bioherms biological controls biology biomass biomes biomonitoring Biosphere Reserves biostratigraphy Biotic Condition Index biotite birdfoot cactus (Escobaria minima) birdfoot violet (Viola pedata) birds birds (Aves) birdsong birdwatching birth control Bishop pine (Pinus muricata) Bishop pine forest bismuth (Bi) biting midges, punkies, no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, punkies, or no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae) bitter panicgrass (Panicum amarum) bitterroot (Lewisia) Bituberochemes (pseudoscorpion genus) bivalves (Bivalvia) black band disease (BBD) black bear (Ursus americanus) black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus) black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapillus) black cherry (Prunus serotina) black-chinned hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) black-chinned sparrow (Spizella atrogularis) black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa) black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) black drum (Pogonias cromis) Black-faced Grassquit (Tiaris bicolor) black flies or buffalo gnats (Simuliidae) black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) black guillemot (Cepphus grylle) black-nosed bat (Myotis subulatus melanorhinus) black oak (Quercus velutina) black oak woodland Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta) black-shouldered kite (Elanus caeruleus) black skimmer (Rynchops niger niger) black storm-petrel (Oceanodroma melania) black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus) black-throated gray warbler (Dendroica nigrescens) black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens) black-throated sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata) black turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus terebrans) black-vented oriole (Icterus wagleri) black walnut (Juglans nigra) black willow (Salix nigra) blackbelly salamander (Desmognathus quadramaculatus) blackberry (Rubus) blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica) blackheaded grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus) blackhood snake (Tantilla rubra cucullata) blades (geology) Blancan blister glassy-bubble (Haminoea vesicula) blister rust blood bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) blooming period Blotched gambusia (Gambusia senilis) blowholes (geology) blowing sand blue basalt blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) blue crab (Callinectes) blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium) blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) blue-gray gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) blue-green algae blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) blue land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) Blue Ridge blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum) blue-throated hummingbird (Lampornis clemenciae) blue-tongue disease blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) blue-winged teal (Anas discors) blue-winged warbler (Vermivora pinus) bluebottle fly (Calliphora vomitoria) bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. spicata) bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) bluegrass (Poa) bluntnose shiner (Notropis simus) boardwalks boating boats bobcat (Lynx rufus) body temperature Bolander's quillwort (Isoetes bolanderi) bones bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) Bonneville flood booklice (Psocoptera) boquillas sandmat (Chamaesyce golondrina) boron (B) bot & warble flies (Oestridae) Botta's pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Bouguer anomalies boundaries bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) boxelder (Acer negundo) brachiopods (Brachiopoda) Brachysomida brunnea (long-horned beetle) bracket fungi brackish marshes Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) Brant (Branta bernicla) Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) breccia Breckenridgia (isopod) breeding Brewer's bittercress (Cardamine breweri) brickelbush (Flyriella) bridges Bridled Quail-dove (Geotrygon mystaceae) bristlecone fir (Abies bracteata) bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) brittle bladderfern (Cystopteris fragilis) broad flounder (Paralichthys squamilentus) broad-footed mole (Scapanus latimanus) broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) broadbanded water snake (Nerodia fasciata confluens) broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia) broadleaf woodland brome (Bromus) bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) bronze copper (Hyllolycaena hyllus) bronzed cowbird (Molothrus aeneus) brooding brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) broom crowberry (Corema conradii) brown algae (Phaeophyceae) Brown Creeper (Certhia familiaris) brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) brown salt marsh mosquito (Aedes cantator) brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) brown trout (Salmo trutta) browsing brucellosis (disease) Brunton surveys brush-footed butterflies (Nymphalidae) brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani) bryophytes (Bryophyta) bryozoa buckeyes (Aesculus) buckeyes (Junonia) buckwheat (Eriogonum) buff-breasted flycatcher (Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus) buffaloberry (Shepherdia) bugs (Hemiptera) bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) bullhead catfishes (Ictaluridae) bumblebees (Bombus) bunchberry dogwood (Cornus canadensis) buoys burbot (Lota lota) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burgess' broomsage (Lepidospartum burgessii) burls burro (Equus asinus) burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) burrows burying beetle (Nicrophorus hecate) bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus) Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) bushy St. Johnswort (Hypericum densiflorum) bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea) buteos (hawk group) buttercup (Ranunculus) butterflies & moths (Lepidoptera) butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) buttes button mangrove (Conocarpus erectus) Cacodylic acid (pesticide) cacti (Cactaceae) cactus apple (Opuntia engelmannii) cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) caddis worm caddisflies (Trichoptera) cadmium (Cd) Caecossina (weevil genus) calc-alkalic composition calcic soils calcite calcium (Ca) calcium carbonate caldera lakes calderas caliche California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) California brown pelican (Pelicanus occidentalis californicus) California false hellebore (Veratrum californicum) California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera) California freshwater shrimp (Syncaris pacifica) California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) California juniper (Juniperus californica) California king snake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae) California laurel (Umbellularia) California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotus californicus) California manroot (Marah fabaceus) California myotis (Myotis californicus) California newt (Taricha torosa) California nutmeg (Torreya californica) California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) California quail (Callipepla californica) California red fir (Abies magnifica) California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytoni) California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus) California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) California silverbush (Argythamnia californica) California Towhee (Pipilo fuscus) California valley quail (Lophortyx californicus californicus) California woodpecker Californiulus yosemitensis (millipede) Cambarus sciotensis (crayfish) Cambrian Camelops (prehistoric mammal) camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) Camissonia campfires campgrounds camping campion (Lychnis) campsites Canada goose (Branta canadensis) Canadian lily (Lilium canadense) Canadian lousewort (Pedicularis canadensis) Canadian serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis) Canadian thistle (Cirsium arvense) Canadian white violet (Viola canadensis) canals Candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) candidate species Canimartes (prehistoric weasel-skunk) Canis rurestris (prehistoric dog) canker fungi (Botryodiplodia theobromae) canoeing canopy canopy gaps canyon lizard (Sceloporus merriami) canyon tree frog (Hyla arenicolor) canyons capes capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) caprellids (Caprellida) captive breeding captive rearing capture carbaryl carbon (C) carbon cycle carbon dioxide (CO2) carbon monoxide (CO) carbonates Carboniferous carcasses cardinalflower (Conocarpus erectus) Carex lativena (sedge) Carex tomphinsii Caribbean dry forest Caribbean seagrass (Halophila decipiens) Carmen mountains white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus carminis) Carnivores (Carnivora) carnivores (meat-eaters) Carolina buckthorn (Frangula caroliniana) Carolina desertchicory (Pyrrhopappus carolinianus) Carolina rose (Rosa carolina) Carolina saltmarsh snake (Nerodia sipedon) Carolina springbeauty (Claytonia caroliniana) carpenter ants (Camponotini) carpenter bees (Xylocopa) carpenter moths (Cossidae) carpet foxtail cactus (Escobaria sneedii var. leei) carps & minnows (Cyprinidae) carrion community carrying capacity cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) Castetter's milkvetch (Astragalus castetteri) castings Catalpa catastrophism catch rates catclaw acacia (Acacia greggii var. greggii) caterpillars catfish (Siluriformes) cations cats (domestic) cats (Felidae) cattails (Typha) cattle cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) Caulerpa (algae) cave cricket (Ceuthophilus stygius) cave crickets & camel crickets (Ceuthophilus) cave management cave myotis (Myotis velifer) cave pools cave popcorn (speleothem) cave restoration cave salamander (Eurycea lucifuga) cave swallow (Hirundo fulva) caves caving cedar apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginanae) celestite cell division Celtis obliquifolia (hackberry) cement (geologic) Cenozoic census points Centhothrombium cavaticum (Acari) centipedes (Chilopoda) Centruroides pantheriensis (scorpion) Centruroides vittatus (scorpion) century plant Cephaloziellaceae (liverwort family) Ceratium hircus (algae) cercal sensory system Cerceris (digger wasp) Cercidiphyllum (prehistoric tree) Ceroplastes irregularis (scale insect) cesium (Cs) Ceuthophilus (cave crickets) Ceuthophilus carlsbadensis (cave cricket) Ceuthophilus conicaudus (cave cricket) Ceuthophilus longipes (cave cricket) chachalaca (Ortalis) Chaetodactylus krombeini (mite) Chaetonotus triacanthus (paucitubulatine chaetonotid gastrotrich) Chaffey's foxtail cactus (Escobaria dasyacantha var. chaffeyi) chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) Chamaesyce chaetocalyx var. chaetocalyx champion trees channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Chanterelle waxy cap (Hygrophorus cantharellus) chaparral char (Salvelinus) Charadra ingenua (Noctuid moth) charcoal cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) checkered beetle family (Cleridae) checkered garter snake (Thamnophis marcianus) checkered whiptail (Cnemidophorus tesselatus) checklist Chelonia (prehistoric turtle) chemical oxygen demand (COD) chemistry chemosynthesis chemotaxonomy chert chestnut (Castanea) chestnut blight (Endothia parasitica) chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) chevroned waterhyacinth weevil (Neochetina bruchi) chiggers (Trombiculidae) Chihuahua shiner (Notropis chihuahua) China venturiella moss (Venturiella sinensis) Chinaberrytree (Melia azedarach) Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) chipmunks (Tamias) Chisos hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana var. chisosensis) Chisos Mountain century plant (Agave glomeruliflora) Chisos Mountain crested coralroot (Hexalectris revoluta) Chisos Mountain hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus chisoensis) Chisos Mountain oak (Quercus graciliformis) Chisos Mountain pinweed (Lechea mensalis) Chisos mountains metalmark (Apodemia chisoensis) Chisos nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis oberholseri) Chisos vireo (Vireo huttoni carolinae) Chlorella vulgaris (algae) chloride (Cl-) chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCB, DDE, HCB) chlorinated phenolics chlorine (Cl) chlorites chlorophyll cholera cholinesterase cholla & prickly pear (Opuntia) chordata chromium (Cr) chromosomes chronological periods (periodization) chronostratigraphic boundaries Chrysemys (prehistoric turtle) Chrysolina gemellata (Klamath weed beetle) Chrysolina hyperici (Klamath weed beetle) Chrysolina quadrigemina (Klamath weed beetle) Chrysoperla rufilabris (insect) chrysophycean cysts chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) cicada (Cicadidae) Cicindela Dorsalis media (tiger beetle) Cicindela Lepida (tiger beetle) Cicindela politula (tiger beetle) Cicinoda politula laetipennis Ciconia maltha (prehistoric stork) cinder cones circannian rhythms circulation (water) cirques Cirsium (thistle) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Cladophora (algae) Cladrastis oregonensis (prehistoric tree) clams clapper rail (Rallus longirostris) clarity (water) Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) clasping jewelflower (Streptanthus maculatus) clasping Venus' lookingglass (Triodanis perfoliata var. perfoliata) classification clastic reservoirs clay clay dunes Clean Air Act Clean Water Act cleanup Clemmys (prehistoric turtle) cliff fendlerbush (Fendlera rupicola) cliff-hanging hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus species) cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) cliffs climate climate change climatic water budget climbing (recreational) closures clothes moths (Tineidae) cloud condensation nuclei cloud cover cloud seeding clouds cloudwater Clunio (midge genus) Cnemidophorus exsanguis (whiptail lizard) Cnemidophorus neomexicanus (whiptail lizard) Cnemidophorus sacki (whiptail lizard) Cnidaria (hydras, jellyfish, corals) coachwhip snake (Masticophis flagellum) coal coast tarweed (Madia sativa) Coastal Barriers Resources Act coastal dynamics coastal plain willow (Salix caroliniana) coastal prairie coastal regions coastal sage scrub coastal sand verbena (Abronia latifolia) coastal sandbur (Cenchrus incertus) coastal scrub coastal scrub wattle (Acacia minuta ssp. minuta) coastal woodfern (Dryopteris arguta) coastal zone management Coastal Zone Management Act cobalt (Co) cobble beaches cochineal insect (Dactylopius confusus) Cochise scaly cloakfern (Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. cochisensis) cock's spur (Erythrina eggersii) cockles (Clinocardium) cockroaches (Blattodea) Codium (seaweed) codling moth (Clydia pomonella) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) coliform bacteria Colima warbler (Vermivora crissalis) collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) collecting permits Collins' sedge (Carex collinsii) colonies (birds) colonization Colorado chipmunk (Tamias quadrivittatus) coloration Columbian black-tailed deer Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) Columbian white-tailed deer columbine (Aquilegia) comancheite Comanchelus (desert millipede) comb-footed spiders (Argyrodes) common barn owl (Tyto alba) common beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax) common black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) common blue violet (Viola sororia) common brain coral (Diploria strigosa) common carp (Cyprinus carpio) common cave cricket (Hadenoecus subterraneus) common chickweed (Stellaria media) common daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) common egret (Casmerodius albus) common eider (Somateria mollissima) common fireweed (Kochia scoparia) common goldstar (Hypoxis hirsuta) common gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) common loon (Gavia immer) common maidenhair (Adiantum capillus-veneris) common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) common mullein (Verbascum thapsus) common murre (Uria aalge) common muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) common net-spinning caddisfly (Hydropsyche brunneipennis) common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) common pawpaw (Asimina triloba) common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) common poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) common porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) common raccoon (Procyon lotor) common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) common raven (Corvus corax) common reed (Phragmites australis) common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) common stickyseed (Blennosperma nanum) common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) common tern (Sterna hirundo) common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) communal night roosts competition (species) compliance composting composting toilets computer file computer program condensation conductivity cone-headed grasshoppers (Neoconocephalus) cones (tree) Congdon's bitterroot (Lewisia congdonii) Congdon's woollysunflower (Eriophyllum congdonii) conifer forest conifers Conkling's roadrunner (Geococcyx conkingi) conodonts conservation biology conservation easements construction contact metamorphism contamination continental shelf contraception convergent ladybeetle (Hippodamia convergens) Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) Cope's gray tree frog (Hyla chrysocelis) copepods (Copepoda) copper (Cu) copper butterflies (family Lycaenidae) coprolites coral coral bleaching coralline algae cordgrass (Spartina) Cordilleran Ice Sheet core sampling Corethrella (phantom midge) cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) corn corn lily Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) Coryphodon (prehistoric mammal) costs cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus) Cotton's milkvetch (Astragalus cottonii) cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus) cottonwood (Populus) Couch's spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus couchii) cowbirds (Molothrus) cowhage cherry (Malpighia infestissima) coyote (Canis latrans) coyotebrush (Baccharis pilularis) crabapple (Prunus baccata x prunifolia) crabgrass (Digitaria) crane flies (Tipulidae) crappies (Pomoxis) Crassulaceae crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) crater ant (Dorymyrmex insana) Crater Lake grapefern (Botrychium pumicola) craters (impact) craters (volcanic) creel census creeping sage (Salvia sonomensis) creeping sibbaldia (Sibbaldia procumbens) creeping vole (Microtus oregoni) creosotebush (Larrea tridentata var. tridentata) creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) creosotebush lac scale (Tachardiella larrae) Cretaceous crevasses crevice spiny lizard (Sceloporus poinsetti) crime crop residue cross-country skiing cross-fostering crowpoison (Nothoscordum bivalve) crust (Earth's) crustaceans (Crustacea) cryophilous algae Cryptadius triplehorni (darkling beetle) Cryptantha crassipes Cryptocarya (prehistoric plant) Cryptocolax (Aspergillaceae) cryptogamic crusts cryptogams cryptoperthites crystalline rocks crystallization crystals Ctenophora (comb jellies) cubera snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus) cuckoo-wasps (Chrysididae) cuckoos (Cuculidae) Culex tarsalis (mosquito) cultivation culverts Cumerland rosemary (Phoxinus cumberlandensis) cup fungi (Ascomycota) Cupressaceae curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) current (water) Cusick's Speedwell (Veronica cusickii) cutleaf toothwort (Cardamine concatenata) Cutler's jewelflower (Streptanthus cutleri) cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) cutworms cyalume cyanide Cymodocea (seagrass) cypress (Cupressus) cypress (Taxodium) cypress forest Cyrtinus beckeri (long-horned beetle) D-H variations dacite daddy long-legs (Opiliones) Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli) Dallia pectoralis (prehistoric fish) dam removal dames rocket (Hesperis matronalis) dams Daphnia magna (water flea) Daphnia pulex (water flea) darapskite dark-eyed junco dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) Darnel ryegrass (Lolium temulentum) Dasypyga salmocolor (snout moth) database dating daylight DDT & DDE debris debris flows Dechellyia gormani (prehistoric conifer) decomposition deer (Cervidae) deer mice (Peromyscus) deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) deer repellent deer yards deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens) defoliation deformation (geologic) deformities (morphologic) degradation dehydration Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) demes demographics dendrochronology dendrometer density (physics) depredation depth desert desert ceanothus (Ceanothus greggii) desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii) desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua) desert gooseberry (Ribes velutinum) desert grassland scorpion (Paruroctonus utahensis) desert millipedes desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) desert night lizard (Xantusia vigilis) desert pocket gopher (Geomys arenarius) desert scrub desert spiny lizard (Sceloporus magister) desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) desert wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) desertification desiccation Desmatochoerinae (prehistoric oreodont) destratification (water) detrital components devegetation development devil's darning needles (Clematis virginiana) devil's river blackhead snake (Tantilla rubra diabola) devil's walkingstick (Aralia spinosa) Devils River minnow (Dionda diaboli) devilshead (Echinocactus horizonthalonius) Devonian dew point diagenesis diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) diamondback watersnake (Nerodia rhombifera) diatoms Diazinon Diceratheres (prehistoric mammal) dickcissel (Spiza americana) Dicotylinae (prehistoric plants) Dictynid spiders Dictyota dichotoma (seaweed) Didymosamarospora (fungi) diel variation differential thermal analysis digestion dikes (geologic) Dinictis (prehistoric cat) dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) dinosaurs diorite Dioryctria albovitella (snout moth) dioxin Diplocentrus bigbendensis (scorpion) Diploria clivosa dipterous puparia discharge disease disease transmission dispersion (in water) dissolved gases dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution disturbance Dithane M-45 (pesticide) diurnal diving (behavior) diving water beetle (Copelatus glyphicus) dobsonfly (Corydalus cornutus) dock shrimp (Pandalus danae) dog (Canis familiaris) dog whelk (Thais lapillus) dogwood anthracnose dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) dolomite dolomitization dolphins (Delphinidae) domes (geologic formation) domes (geologic) double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) Douglas-fir forest Douglas fir-Hemlock-rhododendron community Douglas' squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasi) downy desertthorn (Lycium puberulum var. berberioides) downy phlox (Phlox pilosa) dragonflies & damselflies (Odonata) drainage dredged material dredging dribblet spire (lava formation) drilling drooping juniper (Juniperus flaccida) drought drugs dry deposition ducks, geese & swans (Anatidae) Duncan's foxtail cactus (Escobaria dasyacantha var. duncanii) dune scrub community dung breeding scarabs (beetle) Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) Dunlin (Calidris alpina) dusky flycathcer (Empidonax oberholseri) dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) dust Dutch elm disease (Ceratocystis ulmi) dutchman's breeches (Dicentra cucullaria) dwarf chamaesaracha (Leucophysalis nana) dwarf cinquefoil (Potentilla canadensis) dwarf crested iris (Iris cristata) dwarf larkspur (Delphinium tricorne) dwarf mentzelia (Mentzelia pumila) dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium) dwarf palmetto (Sabal minor) dwarf sedge (Carex pumila) dwarf surfclam (Mulinia lateralis) Dyticonastis rensbergeri (prehistoric reptile) eagles, kites, hawks & allies (Accipitridae) eared seals Earle's woolly milkvetch (Astragalus mollissimus var. earlei) early azalea (Rhododendron prinophyllum) early buttercup (Ranunculus fascicularis) earth cracks earthquakes earthworks earthworms (Oligochaeta) earwigs (Dermaptera) easements easterm baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia) eastern blueeyed grass (Sisyrinchium atlanticum) eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) eastern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum) eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) eastern fivespined ips (Ips grandicollis) eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) eastern hognose snake (Heterodon platyrhinos) eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris) eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) eastern mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoletus) eastern orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata celata) eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans) eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) eastern small-footed myotis (Myotis leibii) eastern smooth (Penstemon laevigatus) eastern spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus holbrookii) eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) echinoderms (Echinodermata) ecology economics ecoregions ecosystems Ectemnius centralis (digger wasp) edentate (prehistoric mammal) Edith's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha) eelgrass (Vallisneria) eelgrass (Zostera) eggs eggshell thickness egrets (Egretta) Eh Eimeria macrotis (Sporozoa) Ekgmowechashala (omomyid primate) El Nino electracat electrical charge electrofishing electron microscope photographs electrophoresis Eleodes carbonarius (darkling beetle) Eleodes caudifera (darkling beetle) Eleodes knullorum (darkling beetle) Eleodes longicollis (darkling beetle) Eleodes omissa (darkling beetle) elevation Elf Owl (Micrathene whitneyi) elk (Cervus elaphus) elk trails elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) elm (Ulmus) elm-ash-maple forest elm bark beetle elm calligraph (Calligrapha scalaris) elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta luteola) Elsinoe corni (fungi) embryology embryonic development emplacement encephalitis Endangered Species Act endellite endemic species energy balance energy budgets energy exchange energy resources Engelmann's seagrass (Halophila engelmannii) Engelmann's spruce (Picea engelmannii) English ivy (Hedera helix) engraver beetle (Ips) Enhydrosoma propinquum (copepod) Entelodontidae (prehistoric mammal) enterococci (bacteria) Entomophaga amimaiga (fungus) Entoptychine (prehistoric pocket gopher) environmental agencies environmental assessment environmental awareness environmental education environmental impact environmental impact statement (EIS) Eocene Eohippus (prehistoric horse) ephemeral ponds epicenters Epidendrum bifidum (orchid) = Encyclia bifida, thicket butterfly epidote epifauna epigean epiphytes epithelantha (Epithelantha) epithermal deposits Eporeodon (prehistoric oreodont) epsomite Epyrinae (wasp subfamily) Equus occidentalis (prehistoric horse) Equus shoshoensis (prehistoric horse) eradication Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. texensis Erora (butterfly family) erosion erosion surfaces erosional features Erysimum menziesi ssp. concinnum escapement escherichia coli (bacteria) eskers Esocoidei (mud minnows and pikes) establishment (species) estuaries Ethmia angustalatella (oecorphorid moth) ethnobotany ethnozoology Euamiana adusta (noctuid moth) Eucephalus paucicapitatus Eucerceris (digger wasp) Eucosma (tortricid moth) Eucosma griselda (tortricid moth) Eucosma salaciana (tortricid moth) Eucosma sierrae (tortricid moth) Eucosma ustulantana (tortricid moth) Euphausia pacifica (oceanic euphausiid) Euphausiaceae euphausiids (Euphausiaceae) Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) Eurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria) European bunchgrass (ammophila arenaria) European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) European searocket (Cakile maritima) European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Euschoengastia (chigger genus) Euschoengastoides (chigger group) eutrophication Euxoa (cutworm) evaporation evaporites Evarthrus (ground beetle) Eve's needle (Yucca faxoniana) evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) evergreen trees evolution Ewingana doreyae (myobib mite) exclosures Exema deserti (leaf beetle) exfoliation (geologic) exhibits exotic species exposure (hazardous) exsolution extinct species extinction extirpated species extirpation extremes (weather) extrusive rocks facilities fairy shrimp (Anostraca) falcons & caracaras (Falconidae) fall (season) fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) fallow deer (Cervus dama) false aloe (Manfreda virginica) false carpenter ants (Liometopum luctuosum) false grama (Cathestecum erectum) false mallow (Sphaeralcea) false wireworm (Eleodes hispilabris) falsepennyroyal (Hedeoma apiculata) fan palm (Chamaerops) farmland fat little donax (Donax tumida) fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) fatty acids faults (geologic) faunal remains fayalite feather-duster worm (Eudistylia vancouveri) featherleaf kittenstails (Synthyris pinnatifida) feathers fecal bacteria fecal coliform fecal nitrogen fecal streptococci feces feeding feldspar fell field habitat felsenmeers felsic feltleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus arboreus) females fencing Fendler's sandmat (Chamaesyce fendleri var. chaetocalyx) feral animals fernbush (Chamaebatiaria millefolium) ferns (Pteridaceae) ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) fertilizer fescue (Festuca) Ficimia cana (snake) fiddler crabs (Uca) field mice (Cricetidae) field studies NOT USED in this database fields figwort family (Scrophulariaceae) filming fin-clipping finches & allies (Fringillidae) Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) fine-ribbed auger (Terebra protexta) fir (Abies) fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis) fire fire ants (Solenopsis) fire behavior fire danger fire ecology fire fighting fire history fire intensity fire lookouts fire management fire pink (Silene virginica) fire prevention fire suppression firewood firn firn caves fish Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act fish attractors fish farms fish kills fish ladders fish scales fisher (Martes pennanti) fishery fishing fishing permits fishing rights fissures (volcanic) five-lined skink (Eumeces fasciatus) fiveleaf orchid (Isotria) flammability flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus) flannelbush (Fremontodendron) flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) flatheaded borers (Buprestidae) flattop pussytoes (Antennaria corymbosa) flatworms & roundworms (Helminthes) fleabane (Erigeron) fleas (Siphonaptera) flies (Diptera) flint floating (boats) floating marshes floating pondweed (Potamogeton natans) flood control flood waves floodplain floods floral remains Florentiamys lulli (prehistoric rodent) Florida rock snail (Thais haemastoma floridana) Florida stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) flotsam crab (Planes cyaneus) flounders (Bothidae and Pleuronectidae) flow (streamflow) flower beetle (Euphoria fascifera) flower of stone (Selaginella lepidophylla) flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) fluid inclusions fluid migration fluorescence fluoride fluorine (F) fluorite fluvial flycatchers flycatchers (Empidonax) flying squirrels (Glaucomys) fog folds (geologic) foliage foliar damage foliar fungi food food chain food preference foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylei) Foraminifera forest forest communities forest fungi forest structure Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) fossil collecting fossils fourwing saltbrush (Atriplex canescens) foxes fractals fractional crystallization fractures (geologic) fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica) Fremont's cottonwood (Populus fremontii) freshet freshwater freshwater diversion freshwater mussels (Bivalvia) frigatebirds (family Fregatidae) fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes) frogs & toads (Salientia) frost fruits fuel load (fire) fuel moisture Fuller's teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) fulvous harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens) fumaroles Fundulus kansae (fish) fungal spores fungi fungicides furan fusion (geologic) fusulinids fuzzy scorpionweed (Phacelia hirsuta) gabbro gabion gadwall (Anas strepera) Gaeumannomyces graminis (root-rot fungus) gaillardia (Gaillardia) gall wasps (Cynipidae) gallium (Ga) galls (plant) Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii) game birds gamma rays gammarids (Gammarida) garbage garden tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) Garlon (pesticide) garnet gas exchange gas temperature gastropods (Gastropoda) gayfeather (Liatris) gemsbok (Oryx gazella) genetic diversity genetics geochemistry geochronology Geographic Information System (GIS) geography geohydrology geology geomagnetism geometry geomorphology Geomyoid rodents (prehistoric) geophysical surveys geophysics Geoplana arkalabamensis (land planarian) Geothermal Act of 1970 geothermal activity geothermal drilling geothermal gradients Geothermal Steam Act geothite germination ghost shrimp (Callianassa isagrande) giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea) giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) giant sequoia groves giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) giantreed (Arundo donax) Giardia (protozoa) Ginkgo (prehistoric tree) ginseng (Panax) gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) glacial deposits glacial features glacial milk glacial outburst floods glacial polish glaciation glacier changes glacier thickness glaciers glade larkspur (Delphinium treleasei) gland cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa) glass (geology) Glaucina mayelissaria (geometer moth) global climate change Global Positioning System (GPS) globe cactus (Mammillaria) glorious beetle (Plusiotis gloriosa) glyoxal Glyphocystis (moth) Glyptostrobus linguaefolia (plant) gneisses goats (domestic) gold (Au) gold panning golden bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea) Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) Golden Indian-paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta) golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) golden rabbit brush golden ragwort (Senecio aureus) golden-spined prickly pear golden trout (Oncorhynchus aguabonita) golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Goodding's onion (Allium gooddingii) gooseneck barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) gopher snake (Pituophis melanoleucus) Gossamer wings (Lycaenidae) Gould shipworm (Bankia gouldi) grabens Graber technique graceful rock crab (Cancer gracilis) gradients grain size grainyhand hermit (Pagurus granosimanus) grandite granite granivores granivory granodiorite granulites Grapholita hieroglyphana (tortricid moth) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grasses (Gramineae) grasshoppers & crickets (Orthoptera) grassland grassyslope arctic sedge (Carex anthoxanthea) Grave's spleenwort (Asplenium X gravesii) gravel gravity gravity stations gray-banded kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana) gray-footed chipmunk (Tamias canipes) gray myotis (Myotis grisescens) gray oak (Quercus grisea) gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor) gray vireo (Vireo vicinior) gray whale (Eschrictius robustus) gray wolf (Canis lupus) graywacke grazing Great Basin rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis lutosus) Great Basin tent caterpillar great black-backed gull (Larus marinus) great blue heron (Ardea herodias) great blue lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica) great chickweed (Stellaria pubera) great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) great egret (Casmerodius albus) (Memo) great gray owl (Strix nebulosa) great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) greater earless lizard (Cophosaurus texanus) greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) greater purple fringed orchid (Habenaria grandiflora) greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) green algae (Chlorophyta) green-backed heron (Butorides striatus) green fiveleaf orchid (Isotria medeoloides) green fringed orchid (Platanthera lacera var. lacera) green salamander (Aneides aeneus) green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) green snakes (Opheodrys) green snow green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) green-winged teal (Anas crecca) greendragon (Arisaema dracontium) greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula) greenmolly (Kochia americana) Gretchena nymphana (tortricid moth) grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) Grotella blanchardi (noctuid moth) grotto salamander (Typhlotriton spelaeus) ground beetles (Carabidae) ground cover ground skink (Scincella lateralis) ground squirrels (Spermophilus) ground temperature groundwater grouse (Tetraonidae) growing season growth guadalupe fescue (Festuca ligulata) Guadalupe leastdaisy (Chaetopappa hersheyi) Guadalupe mountain-laurel (Sophora gypsophila var. guadalupensis) Guadalupe Mountain necklacepod (Sophora gypsophila) Guadalupe Mountain Pincushion Cactus (Coryphantha sneedii var. nova) Guadalupe Mountain vole (Microtus mexicanus guadalupensis) Guadalupe rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus spathulatus) Guadalupe violet (Viola guadalupensis) Guadalupe woodland snail (Ashmunella carlsbadensis) guano guidebook Gulf Coast kangaroo rat (Dipodomys compactus) Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) Gulf Stream gull-billed tern (Sterna nilotica) gulls & terns (Laridae) gulls (Larinae) gumweed (Grindelia) Gymnomitrion Gymnospyra aspersa (long-horned beetle) gypsophily gypsum gypsum grama (Bouteloua breviseta) gypsum milkvetch (Astragalus gypsodes) gypsum moonpod (Selinocarpus lanceolatus) gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) habitat alteration habitat fragmentation habitat loss habitat suitability Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) habitat utilization habitats HABSIM (computer program) hacking hadrosaurs hail hair hairgrass (Deschampsia) hairstreaks (Theclinae) hairystem spiderwort (Tradescantia hirsuticaulis) halfnaked penshell (Atrina seminuda) Halimeda (green algae) halloysite halocarbons halodule (seagrass) halogens Halophila (seagrass) Halophila decipiens (seagrass) hang gliding Hannemania (chigger genus) hantavirus Haplidus laticeps (Cerambycidae beetle) Haplomys (prehistoric rodent) harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hardhead (Acroptilon repens) hardhead (Mylopharodon conocephalus) hardhead catfish (Arius felis) hardness (water) harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) Harper's searocket (Cakile edentula harperi) harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) harvest mice (Reithrodontomys) harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex) hatchery haulout behavior Havard's century plant (Agave havardiana) hawthorn (Crataegus) hay hazard rocks hazard trees hazardous materials hazardous waste hazel alder (Alnus serrulata) health health hazards heat flow heat treatment heath heath (Erica) heath family (Ericaceae) heather vole (Phenacomys intermedius) heavy metals heavy minerals Hectopsylla psittaci (exotic flea, Siphonaptera: pulicidae) hedge false bindweed (Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium) hedge nettle (Stachys cordata) hedgerows Heermann's gull (Larus heermanni) helictites helium (He) Helix aspersa (garden snail) hellgrammites (Corydalus cornutus) Helminthoglypta arrosa miwoka (snail) Helminthoglypta nickliniana awania (snail) hematozoans Hemipsalodon grandis (prehistoric oreodont) hemlock (Tsuga) hemlock forest hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) herb sophia (Descurainia sophia) herbaria herbicides herbivores herbivory herbs hermit crabs hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus) herons & bitterns (Ardeidae) herring gull (Larus argentatus) herrings (Clupeidae) Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata Heteroderidae Heteroxenotrichula texana (paucitubulatine chaetonotid gastrotrichs) Hexalectris hexazinone (herbicide) Hexidionis (chigger genus) Hexorthodes citeria (noctuid moth) Hexorthodes emendata (noctuid moth) hibernation high country open zone hiking himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor) Hinckley's oak (Quercus hinckleyi) Hirstiella (mite) hiscus wasp hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) hister beetles (Histeridae) histoplasmosis historic fauna historic vegetation historical survey hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) hoary rosemarymint (Poliomintha incana) Hoffman's gilia (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii) hogs (domestic) holly leafminer (Phytomyza ilicis) Holocene homing Homoptera honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) honeybee (Apis mellifera) hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina) hookedspur violet (Viola adunca) hops horn flies (Haematobis ittitans) hornblende horned lark (Eremophila alpestris) horned lizards (Phrynosoma) hornfels horse (Equus caballus) horse flies & deer flies (Tabanidae) horseback riding horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) horsetails (Equissetum) hosts (disease) hot springs Hot Springs basswood (Tilia relicta) house cricket (Acheta domesticus) house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) house mouse (Mus musculus) houseboats hover flies (Syrphidae) Howell's alkaligrass (Puccinellia howellii) huckleberry (Gaylussacia) human-animal encounters human impact Human Impact Inventory (HII) human use Humid Transition Zone hummingbirds (Trochilidae) humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) hunting hunting rights huntite hurricanes hyaenarctid bear (prehistoric) Hyalella azteca (amphipod) hybridization Hydrangea hydraulic conductivity hydroacoustics hydrocarbons hydrogen (H) hydrogen sulfide (HS) hydrography hydrology hydromagnesite hydrophytes hydropower Hydropsyche hageni (net-spinning caddisfly) Hydropsyche hoffmani (net-spinning caddisfly) hydroseeding hydrostratigraphic units hydrothermal activity hydrothermographs hydroxylapatite Hymenocallis hyperiideans (Hyperiida) Hypertragalus (prehistoric pecora) Hypolagus (prehistoric rabbit) Hyponeocula (chigger genus) hyporheic zone Hypotemnodon (prehistoric mammal) hypsography Hyrachyrus (prehistoric rhinoceros) ibises (Bubulcus) ice ice age ice caves ice storms ice temperature icefalls ichnite research (fossil tracks) Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) igneous rocks ignimbrite ignition components illite illustrations image analysis imbricate immobilization immunocontraception impacts importance value (species) imprinting incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) incineration inclinometer inclusions increment bores increment cores Indarctus (prehistoric bear) Indian hemp (Apocynum cannabium) Indiana myotis (Myotis sodalis) indicator species indigobush (Amorpha) inert gases infauna infection rates Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBF) infestations information resources infralittoral zone infrared photographs infrared surveys inkberry (Ilex glabra) inland saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) inland saltgrass saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) inland silverside (Menidia beryllina) inlets innocent-weed (Cenchrus longispinus) Inocybe (fungus) insecticides insectivores (insect eaters) insectivores (Insectivora) insects (Insecta) insularity integrated pest management (IPM) interagency cooperation interference (botany) International Biological Program international parks interpretation interpretive document intracoastal introduction (species) intrusion intrusions invasion Inventory & Monitoring inventory (baseline) invertebrates (Invertebrata) ion exchange ionic strength Iridomyrmex pruinosus (ant) irises (Iridaceae) iron (Fe) irrigation Irvingtonian Island Night lizard (Xantusia riversiana) island scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens insularis) islands isopods (Isopoda) Isospora californica (protozoan) isotopes isotopic dating ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) Jack in the pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) jaguey blanco (Ficus trigonata) Jamaica swamp sawgrass (Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense) Jamestown Canyon virus (Bunyaviridae: California serogroup) Janoa brasiliensis (marine worm) Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) japanese brome (Bromus japonicus) japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) jarosite Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) jellyfish (Coelenterata) Jemez Mountains salamander (Plethodon neomexicanus) Jerusalem cricket (Stenopelmatus fuscus) Jerusalem oak goosefoot (Chenopodium botrys) jetties & groins jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) Johne's disease (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) jointing (geology) jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) jumping mice (Zapodidae) jumping plantlice (Craspedolepta eas) juniper (Juniperus) juniper forest juniper twig pruner (Styloxus bicolor) Jurassic juveniles kaolinite karst kayaking keeled earless lizard (Holbrookia propinqua) Kellogg sedge (Carex lenticularis var. lipocarpa) Kellogg's lewisia (Lewisia kelloggii) Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) kestrels (Falco) killer whale (Orcinus orca) kingcup cactus (Echinocereus triglochidiatus) kingsnake (Lampropeltis) kinship kipukas kit fox (Vulpes velox) kittentails (Synthyris) Klamath weed (Hypericum perforatum) knobcone-monterey pine hybrid knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata) Kochia Koelreuteria (prehistoric tree) krummholz kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) laccoliths lace lipfern (Cheilanthes gracillima) Lactarius petersenii (rare mushroom) Lacuna (Lacunidae) lacustrine sediments Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Picoides scalaris) ladybugs (Coccinellidae) Lagenidium callineites (parasitic fungi) lagoons lahars lake depth lake storage capacity lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) lakes & ponds lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) lamination lampreys (Petromyzontidae) lanceleaf springbeauty (Claytonia lanceolata) land appraisal land classification land cover land exchange land ownership land protection land snails land use landfills landforms landscape (natural) landscape ecology landscaping landslides Lanthanum (La) larch budmoth (Zeiraphera diniana) larch sawfly (Pristophora erichsonii) largeflower bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora) largeleaf geigertree (Cordia sebestena) largeleaf pennywort (Hydrocotyle bonariensis) largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) largeseed forget-me-not (Myosotis macrosperma) larvae Lasiocampidae (tent caterpillars) Lasius xerophilus (holarctic ant) lateleaf oak (Quercus tardifolia) laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) Laurophyllum (prehistoric plant) lava lava cones lava flows lava formations lava tube beetles (Leiodidae) lava tubes & caves law enforcement laws & legislation lawsonite Le Conte's Thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei) leach's storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) leaching (soil) lead (Pb) lead toxicosis leadplant (Amorpha) Leaf Area Index (LAI) leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) leaf litter leafcutter ant (Atta texana) leafcutting bee (Osmia lignaria) leafcutting bees (Megachilidae) leafhopper complex leafhoppers & cicadas (Homoptera) least chipmunk (Tamias minimus) Least sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) least tern (Sterna antillarum) leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla) Leeuwenhoekinae (chigger subfamily) leopard frog (Rana berlandieri) Lepidoziaceae (liverwort family) Leptarctus (prehistoric carnivore) Leptophlebia bradleyi (mayfly) Leptophlebia gravestellus (mayfly) Leptopinara (snout beetle & weevil family) Leptospirosis Lesser Antillean bullfinch (Loxigilla noctis) lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata) lesser goldfinch (Carduelis psaltria) lesser grainborer (Rhyzopertha dominica) lesser peachtree borer (Synanthedon pictipes) lesser scaup (Aythya affinish) lesser yellow lady-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum) lettuceleaf saxifrage (Saxifraga micranthidifolia) Leutkea pectinata levees lherzolite licensing lichen (Mycophycophyta) lichenometry lifespan light intensity light scattering coefficients lightning Lignasan (fungicide/bactericide) lignite limber pine (Pinus flexilis) limestone limnology limonite lint Liometopum apiculatum (ant) lipid cycles literature review lithium (Li) lithology Litsea (prehistoric plant) litter (detritus) litter (garbage) little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) little striped whiptail (Cnemidophorus inornatus) littleleaf brongniart (Brongniartia minutifolia) littleleaf greentwig (Brongniartia minutifolia) littleleaf leadtree (Leucaena retusa) littleleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus intricatus) littleneck clams (Protothaca) littoral drift littoral zone live oak (Quercus virginiana) liver liverwort (Hepatica nobilis) liverworts (Hepaticopsida) livestock lizards (Lacertilia) llama (Lama glama) Lloyd's fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus mariposensis) Lloyd's hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus X lloydii) loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) lobsters & crabs (Decapoda) locomotion locust trees lodgepole chipmunk (Tamias speciosus) lodgepole needleminer (Coleotechnites milleri) lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) lodgepole pine forest loess log jams loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) logging logperch (Percina caprodes) Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) long-billed dowitcher (Limnodromus scolapaceus) long-eared myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum) long-eared owl (Asio otus) long-legged myotis (Myotis volans) long-tailed deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus ?) long-tailed vole (Microtus longicaudus) long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) longbract wild indigo (Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea) longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) longhorn steershead (Dicentra uniflora) Longipedia helgolandica (copepod) longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) longleaf pine ecosystem longleaf pine savanna longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) longshore drift longspur columbine (Aquilegia longissima) loons (Gaviidae) Lophophorates (aquatic animals) Lorquin's admiral (Basilarchia lorquini) Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) lousewort (Pedicularis) low beardtongue (Penstemon humilis ssp. humilis) lowland rotala (Rotala ramosior) lucifer hummingbird (Calothorax lucifer) luminous moss (Schistostega pennata) lupine (Lupinus) Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) lynx (Felis lynx) lyreleaf sage (Salvia lyrata) maar Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) MacDougal's aletes (Aletes macdougalii) MacGillivray's warbler (Oporornis tolmiei) Machaonia woodburyana mackerals (Scombridae) madrone (Arbutus) mafic magma magmatism magnesite (MgCO3) magnesium (Mg) magnetic field magnetite Magnolia Mahonia maidenhair spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes) maintenance Malacobdella (ribbon worms) Malathion (pesticide) males mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Malpais spring virus malpighia mammals (Mammalia) mammoth (Mammuthus) manatee (Trichechus manatus) manateegrass (Cymodocea filiformis) Mancozeb (pesticide) manganese (Mn) mangrove tree crab (Aratus pisonii) mantids (Mantidae) mantle many-lined skink (Eumeces multivirgatus) manzanita (Arctostaphylos) Manzate 200 (pesticide) map maple (Acer) mapping Marattialean Synangia (prehistoric fern) marbelite marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa) marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) marbled whiptail (Cnemidophorus marmoratus) Maricopa harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex maricopa) marijuana (Cannabis sativa) Marin Song Sparrow (Malospiza melodia gouldii) marine marine communities marine debris marine flatworms (Polycladida) Marine Mammal Protection Act marine mammals mariola (Parthenium incanum) maritime forest marking marmots (Marmota) marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris) marshes & bogs marshpepper knotweed (Polygonum hyropiper) marsupials (Marsupialia) mass balance mass budget (glaciers) mass movements mating mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) mayflies (Ephemeroptera) McKittrick's snowberry (Symphoricarpos guadalupensis) meadow garlic (Allium canadense) meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius) meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) meadowrue (Thalictum) meadows measuringworm moths (Geometridae) mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) megacrysts Megathymus chisoensis (skipper) Megathymus hoffmanni (skipper) Melampsora leaf rust Melitara chinatiensis (snout moth) Melitara fernaldialis (snout moth) Meloe barbatus (a blister beetle) Meloidae (blister beetle family) meltwater menhaden (Brevoortia) Meniscomyine (prehistoric rodent) mercury (Hg) merlin (Falco columbarius) Merriam's chipmunk (Tamias merriami) Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) Merriam's mouse (Peromyscus merriami) Merychippus isonesus (prehistoric horse) Merychyinae (prehistoric oreodont) Merycoidodontidae (prehistoric oreodont) Mesa Verde fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) Mesocyon venator (Carnivora: Canidae) Mesozoic mesquite (Prosopis) metabolism metallization metallothionein metals metamorphic rocks metamorphism metamorphosis Metasequoia (prehistoric tree) metasomatism metatyuyamunite metavolcanic rocks meteoric water meteorites meteorological equipment methane mew gull (Larus canus) Mexican black bear (Ursus americanus eremicus) Mexican cliffrose (Purshia mexicana) Mexican long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris nivalis) Mexican pinyon (Pinus cembroides) Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) Mexican stoneroller (Campostoma ornatum) Mexican whorled milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis) Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Mexican woodrat (Neotoma mexicana) MGA implants (sterilization method) Miagrammopes (spider genus) microbes microbial flora microcline Microdon baliopterus (flower fly) microenvironment microfiche-microfilm microfloristics microfolding microfractures (geologic) microfungi Micromegistus bakeri (Acarina: Parantennulidae) Micropternodus (prehistoric insectivore) Microsa (spider genus) microtines (prehistoric rodent) microwave emissions midges (Chironomidae) midlittoral zone migmatites migration Migratory Bird Land Acquisition Program migratory birds migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) milkvetch (Astragalus) milkweed (Asclepias) millipedes (Diplopoda) mimosa (Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera) Minchinia costalis (protozoa) Minchinia Haplosporida Haplosporidiidae (protozoa) Minchinia nelsoni (protozoa) mine tailings mineral rights mineral springs minerals mines mining mink (Mustela vison) minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Miocene miogeosyncline mirabilite miscibility Mississippian Missouri gooseberry (Ribes missouriense) mistletoe (Viscaceae) mites & ticks (Acari) mitigation Mitoura (butterfly genus) mock pennyroyal (Stachydeoma graveolens) modeling Modoc budworms Mojave pricklypear (Opuntia phaeacantha var. major) mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) Mojave yucca (Yucca schidigera) mole cricket (Scapteriscus didactylus) moles (Talpidae) mollusks (Mollusca) molting molybdenum (Mo) monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) monitoring monkeyflower (Mimulus) Monomorium minimum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) montane montane vole (Microtus montanus) Montastrea annularis (coral) Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) Monterey sea-lemon (Archidoris montereyensis) Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) Monument Valley milkvetch (Astragalus monumentalis) monzonite moon milk mooring mooring buoys moraines Morella cerifera morning glory (Convolvulaceae) Moropus (prehistoric mammal) morphology morphometry mortality Mosasauridae (prehistoric snake) mosesite mosquito fish (Gambusia) mosquitoes (Culicidae) moss phlox (Phlox subulata) mosses (Musci) mottled petrel (Pterodroma inexpectata) mottled rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus lepidus) mottled waterhyacinth weevil (Neochetina eichhorniae) Mount Lyell salamander (Hydromantes platycephalus) mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) mountain brome (Bromus marginatus) mountain chickadee (Parus gambeli) mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) mountain lion (Felis concolor) mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) mountain quail (Oreortyx picta) mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) mountains mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) mourning milkvetch (Astragalus atratus) movement (animal) mowing mozonite Mt. Mazama mountaintrumpet (Collomia mazama) mud minnows (Umbridae) mud turtles (Kinosternon) mudflats mudflows mudslides mulch mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) mules mullein (Verbascum) mullets (Mugilidae) multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) multiple births mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) Murray lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana) murre (Uria) museums & collections mussels (Mytilus) mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) mustelids (Mustelidae) mycorrhiza mycorrhizae Mylagaulodon (prehistoric rodent) Myotis (bat genus) Myrtle's Silverspot (Speyeria zerene myrtleae) Myxosporidia (protozoa) NADP (National Atmospheric Deposition Program) Naegleria fowleri (protozoa) nanorchestid mites (Speleorchestes) narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) narrowleaf eveningprimrose (Oenothera fruticosa) narrowleaf sand verbena Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) National Marine Sanctuaries National Monuments National Natural Landmarks National Park Company National Park Service national parks & reserves National Recreation Trail National Register of Historic Places National Seashore Recreational Area National Trends Network (NTN) National Wildlife Refuges native Americans native species natural gas Natural Heritage Program natural potential (electrical measurement) natural resource management natural resources naturalized species Navajo sedge (Carex specuicola) naval shipworm (Teredo navalis) Navasota ladiestresses (Spiranthes parksii) Neapheaenops tellkampfi (a ground beetle) nectar Nectaria coccinata (fungi) needle blight needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus) needleleaf rosette grass (Dichanthelium aciculare) nekton Nelson pocket mouse (Perognathus nelsoni) Nemertean worms (Nemertea) Neodiprion (conifer sawfly) neodymium (Nd) Neogene Neomysis mercedis (an opposum shrimp) neoteny neotropical migratory birds (NTMB) nephelometers Nereis arenoaceodentata (marine polychaete worm) Nereis succinea (marine worm) nest boxes nest fidelity nest parasitism nests & nesting neurology Nevada buck moth (Hemileuca nevadensis) Nevada jointfir (Ephedra nevadensis) New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) New Mexico agave (Agave parryi neomexicana) New Mexico ramshorn snail (Pecosorbis kansasensis) new species new world rats & mice (Cricetidae) newspapers Newton's larkspur (Delphinium newtonianum) nickel (Ni) nightblooming cereus (Peniocereus greggii var. greggii) nightblooming cereus (Peniocereus greggii) nighthawks (Chordeiles) nightshade family (Solanaceae) Nimravus (prehistoric cat) nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) nitrates (NO3) nitrites nitrogen (N) nitrogen cycle nitrogen fixing noble fir (Abies procera) nocturnal nodding plumeless thistle (Carduus nutans) noise pollution non-tidal wetlands Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) northern alligator lizard (Gerrhonotus coeruleus) northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) northern bedstraw (Galium boreale) northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi) northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans) northern deer tick (Ixodes dammini) northern dewberry (Rubus flagellaris) Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) northern harrier (Circus cyaneus) northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans) northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens) northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) northern lobster (Homarus americanus) northern mannagrass (Glyceria borealis) northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) northern pine weevil (Pissodes approximatus) northern pintail (Anas acuta) northern pygmy-owl (Glaucidium gnoma) northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora) northern red oak (Quercus rubra) northern right-whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis) northern river otter (Lutra canadensis) northern rough-winged swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) northern sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin) northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) northern threeband (Humboldtiana ultima) northwestern pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata marmorata) northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile) NOTE: Poaceae novaculite Novumbra oregonensis (prehistoric fish) NOx NPFlora database nudibranchs (Nudibranchia) nuee ardente nuisance animals nurse logs nutria (Myocastor coypus) nutrient cycle nutrients nutrition nuts Nuttall cockle (Clinocardium nuttallii) Nuttall's White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys ssp.) Nycteriglyphus texanus (mite) Nycterophilia (bat fly) nylon hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus viridiflorus) Nymphalidae (butterfly family) oak (Quercus) oak-chestnut forest oak decline (Cephalosporium diospyri) oak wilt (Ceratocystis fagacearum) oak woodland oat (Avena) oblique dunes Obrium beckeri (long-horned beetle) obscure Indian paintbrush (Castilleja cryptantha) observations obsidian ocean oceanography oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor) Ochre starfish (Pisaster ochraceus) ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) odostomioids (Odostomia) Oettinger's trillium (Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri) off-road vehicles ogives Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra) oil & gas activities oil spills Oklahoma salamander (Eurycea tynerensis) old-growth forest old world rats & mice (Muridae) Oligocene oligoclase oligotrophic lakes olivine olivine tholeiites Olympic bellflower (Campanula piperi) Olympic Mountain ragwort (Senecio neowebsteri) Olympic mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi) Olympic saxifrage (Saxifraga tischii) Oncocnemis cottami (noctuid moth) Oncocnemis heterogena (noctuid moth) Ondatrini (prehistoric muskrat) oneseed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) oolites Ophiomys (prehistoric microtine vole) opossum (Didelphis virginiana) opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta) optical orientation Opuntia densispina (cholla) Opuntia schottii (dog cholla) orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata) orange daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) orange sheath tunicate orchard orchids (Orchidaceae) Orconectes sanbornii sanbornii (crayfish) Orcutt's foxtail cactus (Escobaria orcuttii) Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) ore Oregon myrtle (Umbellularia oregonensis) Oregon woodsia (Woodsia oregana) oreodonts (prehistoric mammal) organochlorine pesticides oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) Orinthodoros capensis (mammal soft tick) ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata) orthoclases Orthoporus ornatus (desert millipede) Oscura Mountains land snail (Oreohelix socorroensis) osprey (Pandion haliaetus) otoliths Otorhinophila (chigger genus) otters (Lutra or Enhydra) Ouachita madtom (Noturus lachneri) Outer Banks kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus sticticeps) overpopulation overwash oviposition owlet moths (Noctuidae) owls (Strigiformes) Oxacis angustata (pollen-feeding beetle) oxeyedaisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) oxidation Oxycopis howdeni (pollen-feeding beetle) oxygen (O) Oxygrylius (lamellicorn beetle genus) Oxytropis borealis var. viscida oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) oysters oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) Ozark bass (Ambloplites constellatus) Ozark big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii ingens) Ozark chinkapin (Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis) Ozark wakerobin (Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum) ozone (O3) Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) Pacific jumping mouse (Zapus trinotatus) Pacific littleneck (Protothaca staminea) Pacific lupine (Lupinus lepidus) Pacific monardella (Monardella odoratissima) Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) Pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla) Pacific white-sided dolphin (Legenorhynchus obliquidens) pack animals paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) Pagrus sedecim (fish) painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) Palaeoesox fritzschei (prehistoric fish) pale false mannagrass (Torreyochloa pallida var. pauciflora) pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida) pale touchmenot (Impatiens pallida) paleobotany Paleocene paleoenvironment Paleogene paleogeography paleomagnetism paleontological sites paleontological surveys paleontology paleopathology paleosol Paleozoic paleyellow iris (Iris pseudacorus) pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) palm trees palm warbler (Dendroica palmerum) palms (Arecaceae) palo blanco (Allophylus crassinervis) pampas grass (Cortaderia) papershell pinyon (Pinus remota) paperspine fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus papyracanthus) Parachelifer (pseudoscorpion genus) Paracimbocera robusta (a snout beetle) parainfluenza-3 paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) Paramiana callaisata (noctuid moth) Paramiana exculta (noctuid moth) parasites parasol clover (Trifolium bolanderi) Paratylopus cameloides (prehistoric camel) Parish's fleabane (Erigeron parishii) park establishment park expansion park housing parking area Parry's bellflower (Campanula parryi) Parry's silene (Silene parryi) parthenogenesis particulates (air) particulates (water) partridgefoot (Luetkea pectinata) Paruroctonus (scorpion) Paruroctonus aquilonalis (scorpion) passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) patch reefs patchnose snake (Salvadora) Patrobus longicornis (ground beetle) patterned ground peach (Prunus persica) peach scab (Cladosporium carpophilum) peachtree borer (Synanthedon exitosa) pearlwort (Sagina) peat Pecosorbis (fresh-water snail) pedestrians pediment Peeble's blue star (Amsonia peeblesii) pegmatite pelagic pelagic cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) pelicans (Pelicanus) pellets (fecal) Pellucistoma (ostracod) Pelochrista collilonga (tortricid moth) penaeid shrimp (Penaeidae) Pennsylvania bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica) Pennsylvanian Penstemon Peranoplium piceum (beetle) percent cover Perchoerus (prehistoric tayassuid mammal) peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) periphyton Periptychus (fossil) Peritrichia (protozoa) permeability (rock) Permian permits pest management pesticides pests Petaloproctis socialis (marine worm) petrels (Pterodrama) petrified wood petroleum resources petrology pets pH phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens) Phaneta clarkei (tortricid moth) Phaneta musetta (tortricid moth) phantom midges (Chaoboridae) phantom shiner (Notropis orca) Phenacocoelinae (prehistoric oreodont) phenocryst phenology phenotype pheromones phlox-fescue community Phobosuchus riograndensis (Cretaceous crocodile) Phormidium releasei (a blue-green algae) phosphate (PO4) phosphorites phosphorus (P) phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) photo plots photo points photogrammetry photographs photography photometry photosynthesis phreatic phreatic eruptions Phreatodrobia coronae (cavesnail) phreatophyte phycology phyletic trends phylloid algae Phyllophaga (june beetle) Phyllophaga arenicola (june beetle) Phyllophaga gaigei (june beetle) Phyllophaga idonea (june beetle) physiology phytophagous insects phytoplankton phytotoxins phytotron Piagetiella peralis (chewing lice) pickerel frog (Rana palustris) picnic area pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) piedmont cowbane (Oxypolis ternata) piedmont mock bishopweed (Ptilimnium nodosum) pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) pigeons & doves (Columbidae) pikas (Ochotonidae) pikes (Esocidae) pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) pillow basalts pine (Pinus) pine beetles (Dendroctonus) pine borers (Buprestis) pine forest pine sandhill community Pine Springs woodland snail (Ashmunella amblya) pine trees (Pinus) pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) pineland dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum) pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) pingpong ball cactus (Epithelantha micromeris var. bokei) pink fameflower (Talinum longipes) pink funnellily (Androstephium breviflorum) pink lady's slipper (Cypripedium acaule) pink mountainheath (Phyllodoce empetriformis) pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) pinon mouse (Peromyscus truei) pinyon engraver beetle (Ips confusus) pinyon-juniper forest pinyon-juniper savanna pipelines Piperia elegans subsp. decurtata pipevine swallowtail butterfly (Battus philenor) piping plover (Charadrius melodus) Piruna (skipper) piscivorous birds pisolites pitcher plant bogs pitcherplant (Sarracenia) place names plagioclases plague (Yersinia pestis) Plain Titmouse (Parus inornatus) plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) plains pocket mouse (Perognathus flavescens) plan plankton planning plant bugs or leaf bugs (Miridae) plant communities plant moisture plant names planthoppers plants Platanaceae (plantain family) plateau spotted whiptail (Cnemidophorus septemvittatus) Platylepas hexastylos (barnacle) playas Pleistocene Pleurolicine (prehistoric rodent) Pliocene plots plugs (geologic) plumage Plumas county beardtongue (Penstemon neotericus) plumeless thistle (Cardus) Plusiotis woodi (scarab beetle) plutonic rocks plutonium (Pu) PM10 (pollution) poaching pocket gophers (Geomyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocketed free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops femorosaccus) podzolization pogonia (Pogonia) Pogonodon platycopis (prehistoric cat) Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (harvester ant) Pogonomyrmex rugosus (harvester ant) Point Reyes bentgrass (Agrostis clivicola var. punta-reyesensis) Point Reyes blue butterfly (Icaricia icarioides ssp.) Point Reyes Jumping Mouse (Zapus trinotatus orarius) Point Reyes Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia rufa phaea) poison oak (Toxicodendron) policies Polistes (paper wasp genus) politics pollen pollination pollutants pollution polychaetes (Polychaeta) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polyhedrosis (virus) polyps Polysiphonia (red algae) pomace flies (Drosophila) pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus) ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) ponderosa pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum cryptopodum) ponderosa pine forest ponderosa pine-noble fir forest ponderosa pine-pinyon-juniper forest population population (human) population control population decline population density population dynamics porcine zonae pellicudae Porites ades (coral) porosity porphyry porpoises (Phocoenidae) post-altithermal age post-hypsithermal post oak (Quercus stellata) post oak savanna potash potassium (K) potassium oxide (K2O) potato dwarfdandelion (Krigia dandelion) potholes (geologic) powder post beetles (Lyctidae) powdery mildew power lines power plants prairie prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus) prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) prairie spotted skunk (Spilogale interrupta) prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor) Pratilepus (prehistoric rabbit) Precambrian precipitate precipitation precipitation storage gauges predation predators pregnancy prehistoric animals prehistoric bats prehistoric birds prehistoric cats prehistoric crocodiles prehistoric fish prehistoric horses prehistoric land snails prehistoric mammals prehistoric mollusks (Mollusca) prehistoric newt (Taricha) prehistoric peccaries prehistoric plants prehistoric reptiles prehistoric rodents prehistoric sloths prehistoric tapirs (Tapirus) prehistoric termites (Isoptera) prehistoric trees prehistoric turtles prehistoric ungulates prehistoric zebras prehnite-pumpellyite facies premature births prescribed burns prescribed natural fire preservation prickly Russian thistle (Salsola kali) pride of Ohio (Dodecatheon meadia) pride of Rochester (Deutzia) primary productivity princess tree (Paulownia tomentosa) priority species productivity progradational sequences Promerycochoerinae (prehistoric oreodont) prominent moths (Notodontidae) pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) prongill mayfly (Choroterpes) propagation Prosthennops (prehistoric peccary) Protapirus robustus (prehistoric tapir) protozoa prunus (Prunus) Prymnesium parvum (golden algae) Psathyrella (fungus) Pseudogarypus hypogeus (arachnid) Pseudohazis chinatiensis (giant silkworm moth) pseudokarst pseudomonas (pathogen) pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpionida) psilomelane ptarmigan (Lagopus) pterosaurs Puerto Rican Screech-owl (Otus nudipes) pulp mills pumice pumice deposition zone pumpellyite punkie (Culicoides) pupfishes purple fiveleaf orchid (Isotria verticillata) purple gaymallow (Batesimalva violacea) purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) purple pricklypear (Opuntia macrocentra) purple sage (Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana) purple sand verbena (Abronia angustifolia) purple transennella (Transennella tantilla) push-up blocks pussytoes (Antennaria pulchella) pussytoes (Antennaria) pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) pygmy rock crab (Cancer oregonensis) pyralid moths (Pyralidae) Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis (snail) pyrite pyroclastics pyroheliometer graphs pyroxene pythium blight (Pythium aphanidermatum) Q fever (disease) quackgrass (Elytrigia repens var. repens ) quahaug (Mercenaria mercenaria) quahogs (Mercenaria) quail (Odontophorinae) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) quarries quartz Quaternary queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus) Quetzalcoatlus (pterosaur) rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus) rabbitbrush heathgoldenrod (Ericameria bloomeri) rabbits & hares (Leporidae) Rabdotus schiedeanus (desert snail) rabies racer snake (Coluber) radar radiation radiaxial calcite radio emissions radio telemetry radio waves radioactive particles radioactivity Radiolarian radionuclides radium (Ra) radon (Rn) Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Plecotus rafinesquii) rafting rafts (speleothem) railroads rails (Rallus) rain forest rainbow cactus (Echinocereus pectinatus var. dasyacanthus) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) rainwater ranching range range condition range management ranger districts rangers raptors rare species rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) razor clams (Siliqua) RCRA (Resource Conservation Recovery Act) Recent reclamation recovery recreation red alder (Alnus rubra) red algae (rhodophyceae) red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) red-backed voles (Clethrionomys) red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) red buckeye (Aesculus pavia) red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) red-faced warbler (Cardellina rubrifrons) red fir forest red fir-white fir forest red fox (Vulpes vulpes) red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) red-legged frog (Rana aurora) red maple (Acer rubrum) red oak (Quercus rubra) red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) red rock crab (Cancer productus) red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) red snow red spruce (Picea rubens) red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) red tide red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) red wolf (Canis rufus) reddish egret (Egretta rufescens) redds redfish (Sebastes) redhead (Aythya americana) redox potential redring milkweed (Asclepias variegata) redstem ceanothus (Ceanothus sanguineus) redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) redwood (Sequoia) redwood forest reed grass (Calamagrostis) reefs reforestation refractive index regulations rehabilitation (injured animals) reintroduction (species) relative humidity release (species) relict forest relict species remote sensing renal coccidiosis Renibacterium salmoniarum (bacteria) repellents reproduction reptiles (Reptilia) rescues research & studies research methods Research Natural Areas (RNA) reseeding reserves reservoirs residual dry matter (RDM) resin acids (pollutant) resistivity Resource Basic Inventory (RBI) resource management respiration restoration restricted species resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp. polypodioides) reticulated gecko (Coleonyx reticulatus) Retusa cannaliculata (gastropod) revegetation Rhadine beetles Rhadine longicollis (beetle) Rhagidia Rhaphidophorinae (camel crickets & true cave crickets) rheamorphic tuff Rhinanisus chisoensis (cossonine weevil) rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) rhizopods (Rhizopoda) rhodonite rhyolite porphyry rhyolites Rhysodesmus chisosi (desert millipede) Riccia canaliculata (bryophyte) ridges riffle sculpin (Cottus gulosus) rifts (geologic) right-of-way (ROW) rights rime rimmed naval lichen (Rhizoplaca melanophthalma) ring dikes ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) Rio Grande bluntnose shiner (Notropis simus simus) Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora) Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni) Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki virginalis) Rio Grande pricklypear (Opuntia aureispina) Rio Grande shiner (Notropis jemezanus) Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) Riodinidae (metalmarks butterflies) riparian hardwood forest riparian zone riprap Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) river channel river cooter (Pseudemys concinna) river deltas river terrace system rivers & streams roads rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea) rock failure rock flour rock glaciers rock mouse (Peromyscus difficilis) rock pocket mouse (Chaetodipus intermedius) rock squirrel (Spermophilus variegatus) rock wren (Salpinctes obsoletus) rockfalls rockfish (Sebastes) rocks rockslides rocky intertidal zone rocky mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) Rocky Mountain pussytoes (Antennaria media) Rocky mountain woodsia (Woodsia scopulina) rocky subtidal zone rodenticide rodents (Rodentia) roosts root disease rooting depth roots roseate spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja) roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) rosemock vervain (Glandularia canadensis) rosy finch (Leucosticte) Rotenone (pesticide) rotifers (Rotifera) rough-legged hawk (Buteo lagopus) roughskin newt (Taricha granulosa) round fungus beetles (Leiodidae) round-tailed horned lizard (Phrynosoma modestum) round worms (Nematoda) roundhead pine beetle (Dendroctonus adjunctus) roundleaf buffaloberry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) roundlobed hepatica (Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa) Roundup roundworms (Nematodes) rove beetles (Staphylinidae) royal tern (Sterna maxima) Rubidium (Rb) ruby-crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula) ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) rue anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides) ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) Rufous-sided Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) run size runoff rushes (Juncaceae) Russian thistle (Salsola kali tenuifolia) rusty blackhaw (Viburnum rufidulum) rye (Secale) Sacramento Mountain salamander (Aneides hardii) Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis) Sacramento waxydogbane (Cycladenia humilis) safety sage (Salvia) sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli) sage thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) sagebrush (Artemisia) sagebrush habitat sagebrush steppe sagebrush vole (Lemmiscus curtatus) salamanders (Caudata) salinity salinity zones Salmo iridea salmon & trout (Salmonidae) salmonids salt (NaCl) salt flats salt marshes salt petre salt ponds salt spray salt water salt water barrier salt water intrusion salt water spills saltation (geology) saltcedar (Tamarix) saltmarsh common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas sunuosa) saltmarsh mosquito (Aedes sollicitans) saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) salvage timber sampling techniques San Miguel island song sparrow (Melospiza melodia micronyx) San Miguel Sea Lion Virus (SMSV) sand sand drum (Umbrina coroides) sand dunes sand flies sand formation sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) sandbars Sandberg's bluegrass (Poa secunda) sandbur (Cenchrus) sanderling (Calidris alba) sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) sandpipers, phalaropes and allies (Scolopacidae) sandstone Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis) sandy soil Santa Barbara Island song sparrow (Malospiza melodia graminea) Santa Cruz Island sparrow (Aimophila obscura) saplings Sarcocystis (protozoan parasite) sassafras (Sassafras albidum) satellite imagery satellite telemetry saturation saucer magnolia (Magnolia X soulangiana) savanna sawflies (Hymenoptera) Saxidomus (clam) scab scablands scale insects scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) scaled slipper lobster (Scyllarus depressus) scaly gayfeather (Liatris squarrosa) Scaly-naped Pigeon (Columba squamosa) scanning electron micrograph (SEM) Scapania Scapanus (prehistoric mole) scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae) Scarites (ground beetle) Scarites subterraneus (ground beetle) scarlet catchfly (Silene subciliata) scarlet indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea) scarps scat Scelolyperus blakeae (leaf beetle) scheelite Scheer's beehive cactus (Coryphantha scheeri) schist Schoenoplectus americanus Scolopendromorpha (centipedes order) scoria scorpions (Scorpiones) scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) scotchbroom (Cytisus scoparius) Scott's oriole (Icterus parisorum) Scouler's willow (Salix scouleriana) screw worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) scrubland SCUBA diving sculpins (Cottidae) scurvy sea anemone (Anthozoa) sea anemones (Actiniaria) sea level Sea Level Rise Response Program sea otter (Enhydra lutris) sea salt nuclei (Memo) sea slugs (Opisthobranchs) sea turtles (Cheloniidae & Dermochelyidae) seabirds seagrass (Halophila) seagrass beds seagrasses seals, sea lions & walruses (Pinnipedia) seaoats (Uniola paniculata) searocket (Cakile) seashells Seashore Conservation Area seashore false bindweed (Calystegia soldanella) seaside amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) seaside goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens) seasonality seawalls seawrack (Zostera marina) sedge (Carex) sedges (Cyperaceae) sediment sediment (marine) sediment cores sediment stratigraphy sediment transport sedimentary rock sedimentation seed bank seed dispersal seed shrimp (Ostracoda) seed treatments seeding seedlings seeds seeps segmented worms (Annelida) seine survey seismic refraction seismic surveys seismicity Selaginella ansazia (prehistoric plant) selenite selenium (Se) seminole bat (Lasiurus seminolus) sensitive sites sensitive species sensitivity sequoia-mixed conifer forest serology serviceberry (Amelanchier) seston Sevin sewage sex ratio sexual dimorphism shale sharks sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) sharptail snake (Contia tenuis) Shasta Country arnica (Arnica venosa) Shasta ground sloth (Nothrotheriops shastense) Shasta red fir (Abies X shastensis) sheep (domestic) sheep fescue (Festuca ovina) sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) sheeting shell middens shellfish shellfish collecting shellfish growing shield volcanoes shipworms shoals shoalweed (Halodule beaudettei) shoestring root rot (Amillaria) shore flies (Ephydridae) shorebirds shorebirds, gulls, auks, and allies (Charadriiformes) shoreline shoreline change shoreline seapurslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum) short-billed dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus) short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassii) shorthair reedgrass (Calamagrostis breweri) shorthair sedge (Carex exserta) shorthorn steershead (Dicentra pauciflora) shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) shortleaf pine forest shortpod thelypody (Thelypodium brachycarpum) Shoshone sculpin (Cottus greenei) shrews (Soricidae) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrub-grassland shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella) shrubland shrubs Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) side-blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana) sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) Siderastrea siderea (coral) Sierra fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) Sierran columbine (Aquilegia pubescens) Sierran false needlegrass (Ptilagrostis kingii) sierran primrose (Primula suffrutescens) signs & markers sika deer (Cervus nippon) silica (SiO2) silicates silicic siliciclastics silicon (Si) silicon dioxide (SiO2) silktree (Albizia julibrissin) silky beach peavine (Lathyrus littoralis) silky pocket mouse (Perognathus flavus) silt siltstone Silurian silver (Ag) silver burr ragweed (Ambrosia chamissonis) silver fir beetle silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) silver maple (Acer saccharinum) silver seatrout (Cynoscion nothus) silver trout silverfish (Lepisma saccharina) silverside minnows (Menidia) Simidectes (prehistoric insectivorous mammal) simil onion (Allium simillimum) Simulium jenningsi (a black fly) singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) sinkholes Sitka alder (Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata) Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) Sitka spruce-hemlock forest size skiing skin beetles (Cryptorhopalum) skinks (Eumeces and Scincella) skippers (Hesperiidae) skunkbush sumac (Rhus trilobata) skunks (Mephitis, Spilogale & Conepatus) slash pine (Pinus elliottii) slenderstem monkeyflower (Mimulus filicaulis) slides slime molds (Myxomycetes) slimfoot century plant (Agave gracilipes) slimy salamander (Plethodon glutinosus) slope slope stability small ballmoss (Tillandsia recurvata) small white fawnlily (Erythronium albidum) smalleaf giant hyssop (Agastache parvifolia) smallleaf giant hyssop (Agastache parvifolia) smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) smectite smoke management smooth aster (Aster laevis) smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) smooth yellow violet (Viola pubescens var. pubescens) snags snails (Gastropoda) snakes (Serpentes) snapping turtles (Chelydridae) Sneed's foxtail cactus (Escobaria sneedii var. sneedii) Sneed's pincushion cactus (Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) snook (Centropomus undecimalis) snow snow goose (Chen caerulescens) Snow Mountain beardtongue (Penstemon purpusii) snow removal snow surveys snow temperature snow trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) snowberry (Symphoricarpos) snowbrush ceanothus (Ceanothus velutinus) snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) snowfall snowfields snowmobiles snowpack snowplant (Sarcodes sanguinea) snowplay snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) snowshoeing snowstorms snowy egret (Egretta thula) snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca) snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) soapplant (Chlorogalum) soaptree yucca (Yucca elata) social behavior social organization social trails sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) sodium (Na) softshell clam (Mya arenaria) soil aeration soil associations soil chemistry soil compaction soil conservation soil contamination soil formation soil microbes soil moisture soil piping soil profiles soil properties soil stability soil temperature soil treatments soil types soils solar radiation soldier fly (Hedriodiscus truquii) Solenopora texana (algae) solids (water quality) song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) songbirds (Passeriformes) Sonoma spineflower (Chorizanthe valida) Sonoran fleabane (Erigeron mimegletes) Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) sooty tern (Sterna fuscata) sotol (Dasylirion) sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) south Texas pocket gopher (Geomys personatus personatus) southeastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus) southern alligator lizard (Gerrhonotus multicarinatus) southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi) southern California screech owl southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) southern fairyfan (Clarkia australis) southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) southern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys torridus) southern lady's slipper (Cypripedium kentuckiense) southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia) southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) southern quahog (Mercenaria campechiensis) southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) southern red oak (Quercus falcata) southern redbelly snake (Storeria occipitomaculata obscura) southern sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciousus) southern woodchuck (Marmota monax monax) southwestern pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus barberi) southwestern ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus) southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) SOx soybean (Glycine max) Spanish broom (Spartium junceum) Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Sparedrus depressus (pollen-feeding beetle) sparrows spatter cones spawning spearwort buttercup (Ranunculus flammula) special use permits specialization species associations species composition species evenness species identification species richness species status specific gravity specimens speckled chub (Macrhybopsis aestivalis) speckled king snake (Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki) speckled trout spectral aging spectral reflectance spectroscopy speleogenesis speleothems Spermatophyta sphagnum marshes sphecid wasps (Sphecidae) sphene sphinx moths (Sphingidae) spiders (Araneae) spike watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) spiked crested coralroot (Hexalectris spicata) spiny backed spider (Gasteracantha cancriformis) spiny lizards (Sceloporus) spinystar (Escobaria vivipara var. radiosa) spinystar (Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara) spinystar (Escobaria vivipara) Spiranthes parasitica spoil islands sponges (Porifera) sporocarps sports spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) spotted geranium (Geranium maculatum) spotted ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) spreading woodfern (Dryopteris expansa) spring (season) spring coralroot (Corallorrhiza wisteriana) spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) springs spruce (Picea) spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum) spruce beetle (Dendroctonus) spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) spruce-fir forest spruce grouse (Dendragapus canadensis) spurge (Euphorbia) squawcarpet (Ceanothus prostratus) squirrel tree frog (Hyla squirella) squirrelcorn (Dicentra canadensis) squirrels (Sciuridae) St. Anthony's turnip (Ranunculus bulbosus) St. Thomas pricklyash (Zanthoxylum thomasianum) stabilization (erosion control) staff stained macoma (Macoma inquinata) starfish (Asteroidea) steam eruptions steam vents Steller's jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) Stephens' penstemon (Penstemon stephensii) stereoscopic images sterilization (reproductive) Stibadium caesium (noctuid moth) sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) stinkpot turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) stocking (fish) Stolid Flycatcher (Myiarchus stolidus) stomach contents stonecrop (Sedum) stoneflies (Plecoptera) stork's bill (Erodium) storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) storm surge storms stranding strangler fig (Clusia rosea) stratification (water) stratigraphy stream gradient streptococci stress (geologic) stress fields striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) stromatolites strontium (Sr) structural geology sturgeons (Acipenseridae) stylolites Subalites (prehistoric plant) subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) subalpine fir forest subalpine larch (Larix lyallii) subalpine zone subduction subduction zone sublittoral zone submerged aquatic vegetation submersibles subsidence subsistence substrate subterranean rivers & streams subterrene succession suckers (Catostomidae) sugar maple (Acer saccharum) sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) Suksdorf's silene (Silene suksdorfii) Suleima medaciana (tortricid moth) sulfates (SO4) sulfides sulfur (S) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) sulphur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta) Sumichrast's toothpick grasshopper (Achurum sumichrasti) summer summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) summer grape (Vitis aestivalis) sunfishes (Centrarchidae) sunflower family (Asteraceae) sunlight Sunset Crater beardtongue (Penstemon clutei) Superfund sites supralittoral zone surf zone survey (opinions) survey points Swainson's hawk (Buteo swainsoni) Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) Swainson's warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) swamps sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) swifts (Apodidae) swimming syenites sympatry symplectic coronas Syringodium (seagrass) Tachinidae (fly) Tachyporinae (rove beetle) Tadarida constantinei (prehistoric free-tailed bat) tadpole shrimp (Notostraca) tadpoles tag alder (Alnus serrulata) tagging tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) talc tallowtree (Sapium sebiferum) tannic acid Tanyoprymnus moneduloides (digger wasp) Tanypterichthys pridensis (prehistoric fish) tapeworms (Cestoda) taphonomy Tapirira clarnoensis (prehistoric tree) tarantulas (Theraphosidae) tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) tarsonemid mites taxonomy taxoplasmosis (disease) teacher's guide tectonics teddybear cholla (Opuntia bigelovii) teeth Tehama pincushionplant (Navarretia heterandra) telephotometer Teletaceras radinskyi (prehistoric rhinocerotid) Temnocyon ferox (prehistoric carnivore) temperature tepees (geologic) tephrochronology Tequla funebralis (snail) terminal run (salmon) termites (Isoptera) terns (Sterninae) terpenes terraces terrestrial territoriality territory Tertiary Texan phlox (Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis) Texas banded gecko (Coleonyx brevis) Texas Dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia reticulata) Texas false agave (Hechtia texensis) Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) Texas lyre snake (Trimorphodon biscatus vilkinsoni) Texas madrone (Arbutus xalapensis) Texas root rot Texas screwstem (Bartonia texana) Texas spotted whiptail (Cnemidophorus gularis) Texas tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri) Thalassia (seagrass) Thalictrum rainierense (meadow-rue) Thallandsia utriculata (bromeliad) Thallophyta the USDA PLANTS database Thelandros salamandrae (a parasitic nematode) Thelastoma collare (Nematoda) thenardite thermal stratification thermal streams thermographs thermohyet thermophilic algae thermoregulation Thermosphaeroma subequalum (isopod) thick-billed kingbird (Tyrannus crassirostris) thick finger coral (Porites porites) thicket butterfly orchid (Encyclia bifida) thinleaf alder (Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia ) thistle Thizina root rot tholeiites Thomas' lidflower (Calyptranthes thomasiana) thornless moraine honeylocust (Gleditsia tricanthos var. inermis) threadstalk milkvetch (Astragalus filipes) threatened & endangered species threats three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) three-toed box turtle (Terrapene carolina) three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) threebract onion (Allium tribracteatum) thrips (Thysanoptera) Thuricide (pesticide) thyroids Tiarella uniforliata (foam flower) Ticholeptinae (prehistoric oreodont) tickseed (Coreopsis) tidepools tides tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi) tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) timber timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) time domain survey tin (Sn) Tinosporeae (prehistoric plant) tissue titanium (Ti) titanium-augite-bearing rocks TOCHECK tomato (Lycopersicon) topography tornados torosaurus Torrey's yucca (Yucca torreyi) torsion-balance tortricid moths (Tortricidae) towhee (Pipilo) Townsend's big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii) Townsend's chipmunk (Tamias townsendii) Townsend's mole (Scapanus townsendii) Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii) Townsends big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) towpaths toxic organic carbon (TOC) toxic plants toxic spills toxins trace elements trace metals tracers (dye) tracers (radioactive) trachytes traffic trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens) trailing phlox (Phlox nivalis) trailing St. Johnswort (Hypericum anagalloides) trails trampling Trans-Pecos rat snake (Elaphe subocularis) transects transmission lines transmissivity transparent milkvetch (Astragalus diaphanus) TransPecos beargrass (Nolina arenicola) Transpecos maidenbush (Andrachne arida) Transpecos stinkleaf (Nectouxia formosa) transpiration transplanting transport (ecologic) transportation traplines trapping travertine trays (speleothem) tree cholla (Opuntia imbricata var. argentea) tree cholla (Opuntia imbricata) tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) tree molds tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) tree of heaven (Ailanthus) tree swallow (Iridoprocne bicolor) treehole mosquitos trees tremolite trespass triangle waterfern (Ceratopteris richardii) triangularis) Triassic tribal fisheries trichloroethylene (TCE) Trichlorofluoromethane Trichobius (bat fly) Trichochrous texanus (soft-winged flower beetle) Trichophya (rove beetle) Trichophya texana (rove beetle) trilobites (prehistoric arthropod) Triozosneura (moth) Triplochitioxylon (Sterculiaceae) (prehistoric tree) Tripudia chihuahua (noctuid moth) Trisetum tritium troglobites troglophiles trogloxenes Trombicula lacerticola (chigger) trophic state tropical trotlines true fir forest true fir-hemlock forest true mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) true wasps (Vespidae) truffles (Tuber) trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) trumpet honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) tsunamis tubeworms tufa tuff tufted flycatcher (Mitrephanes phaeocercus) tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) tulip pricklypear (Opuntia phaeacantha) tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera) tumbleweeds tumors (plant) tundra swan (Cygnus columbiana) tungsten (W) Tunicata turbidity turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) turpentine turtlegrass (Thalassia testudina) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) tussock moths (Lymantriidae) twig beetle (Pityophthorus) twig girdler (Styloxus bicolor) twoneedle pinyon (Pinus edulis) twospike rockdaisy (Perityle bisetosa) Typhloroncus (pseudoscorpion) tyrannosaurus tyuyamunite ultramafic ultraviolet light Umbra limi (prehistoric fish) umbrella magnolia (Magnolia tripetala) unconformities underground storage tanks (UST's) understory ungulates upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) uplift (geologic) uranium (U) Urban's holly (Ilex urbaniana) Uredinales (fungi) urine Urosporidium spisuli (protozoa) Ursia furtiva (prominent moth) US Forest Service Utah bladderfern (Cystopteris utahensis) Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) UTM coordinates vadose vadose zone Vaejovis chisos (scorpion) Vaejovis coahuilae (scorpion) vagabond holospira (Holospira montivaga) vagrant shrew (Sorex vagrans) vagrants Van Dyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei) vanadium (V) vandalism vapor pressure variable coquina (Donax variabilis) variegated milkweed (Asclepias variegata) vasevine (Clematis viorna) vectors (disease) vegetation vegetation change vegetation types velocity velvet ants (Mutillidae) Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis venomous species vents (geologic) Venus' pride (Houstonia purpurea) vermiculite vermillion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) vernal pools vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) vetch (Vicia) video cassette videotaping vinegarweed (Lessingia) vines violet woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea) vireos (Vireonidae) Virginia big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii virginianus) Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita) Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) Virginia tephrosia (Tephrosia virginiana) virile crayfish (Orconectes virilis) viruses visibility visitors visual resources vocalizations & sounds volatile organic compounds (VOC) volatiles (geologic) volcanic activity volcanic ash volcanic bombs volcanic eruptions volcanic formations volcanic rocks volcanic soils volcanism volcanoes voles volume volunteers VSS (volatile suspended solids) wading birds walking fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum) walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) wallows walnut (Juglans) walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima) warblers warblers & sparrows (Emberizidae) warblers (Vermivora, Parula, and Dendroica) Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) washovers waste management water water bears (Tardigrada) water birds water color water diversion water fleas (Cladocera) water impoundment water infiltration water level water minerslettuce (Montia chamissoi) water quality water resource management water resources water rights water shrew (Sorex palustris) water sources (wildlife) water tanks water temperature water transparency water use waterfalls waterfowl waterhyacinth moth (Sameodes albiguttalis) watersheds waterthyme (Hydrilla verticillata) wave-cut terraces waves wavy scaly cloakfern (Astrolepis sinuata ssp. sinuata) wax currant (Ribes cereum) way trails weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) weasels (Mustela) weather weather stations weathering webworm weeds weevils (Curculionidae) Weidmeyer's admiral (Basilarchia weidemeyerii) weight welded tuff Welderella parvella (snout mouth) wells West Indian livingvase (Aechmea lingulata) western azalea (Rhododendron occidentale) western bloodsucking conenose (Triatoma protracta) western chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata) western columbine (Aquilegia formosa) western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) Western Flycatcher (Epidonax difficilis) western goldfern (Pentagrama triangularis ssp. triangularis) western grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) western gull (Larus occidentalis) western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis) western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) western hemlock-Douglas fir forest western hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria) western hooknosed snake (Gyalopion canum) western jumping mouse (Zapus princeps) western jumping mouse (Zapus trinotatus orarius) western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) western mastiff bat (Eumops perotis) western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) western mud snake (Farancia abacura reinwardti) western needlegrass (Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus) western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) western pipistrelle (Pipistrellus hesperus) western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) western red-backed vole (Clethrionomys californicus) western redcedar (Thuja plicata) western sand piper (Calidris mauri) western skink (Eumeces skiltonianus) western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis) western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) western swordfern (Polystichum munitum) western tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum) western toad (Bufo boreas) western whiptail (Cnemidophorus tigris) western wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus) wetland pine savanna community wetlands whales & dolphins (Cetacea) wheatstem sawflies (Cephus) whipporwhill flower (Trillium cernuum) whiptails (Cnemidophorus) whiskerbush (Coryphantha ramillosa) white-ankled mouse (Peromyscus pectoralis) white ash (Fraxinus americana) white bass (Morone chrysops) white bladderpod (Lesquerella pallida) white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) White-crown Pigeon (Columba leucocephala) white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) white fir (Abies concolor) white fir-mixed conifer forest white fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus intertextus var. intertextus) white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) white-headed woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus) white mullet (Mugil curema) white oak (Quercus alba) white pine (Pinus strobus) white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) White Sands wood rat (Neotoma micropus leucophaea) white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) white shooting star white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) white spruce (Picea glauca) white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) white-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus townsendii) white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) white-throated swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) white-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica) whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) whitecolumn foxtail cactus (Escobaria tuberculosa) whitefish whitehead (fish) whiteroot rush (Juncus brachycarpus) whitetop (plant) whitewater crowfoot (Ranunculus aquatilis) wholeleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja integra var. integra) whooping crane (Grus americana) widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima) wild & scenic rivers Wild and Scenic Rivers Act wild blue phlox (Phlox divaricata) wild boar (Sus scrofa) wild onion (Allium) wild phlox (Phlox) wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Wilderness Act (PL 88-577) wilderness areas wildflowers wildlife management Wildlife Refuges Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) willow (Salix) willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) wind wind direction wind power wind speed wind-tidal flats windthrow winged walkingsticks (Phasmatidae) winter winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata) wolverine (Gulo gulo) wolves wood duck (Aix sponsa) wood gnats (Anisopodidae) wood lily (Lilium philadelphicum) wood warblers (Parulinae) Woodbury's stingingbush (Malpighia woodburyana) woodchuck (Marmota monax) woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousii) woodpeckers & allies (Picidae) woodrat middens woodrats (Neotoma) woodrush (Luzula) woody rockcress (Arabis suffrutescens) woolly alder aphid (Prociphilus imbricator) woolly breeches (Amsinckia spectabilis) woolly lipfern (Cheilanthes tomentosa) woolly milkvetch (Astragalus mollissimus) woolly nipple cactus (Mammillaria nivosa) woolly ragwort (Senecio tomentosus) woollypod milkvetch (Astragalus purshii) Wooton's milkvetch (Astragalus wootonii) World Heritage Park designation world map lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum) worms Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) Wright's nipple cactus (Mammillaria wrightii) Wyoming big sage x-ray analysis Xanthoparmelia Xantus' murrelet (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) xenoliths Xylocopa californica (a carpenter bee) Xylocopa californica arizonensis (carpenter bee) xyris (Xyris) Yabeina yeast yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) yellow-billed magpie (Pica nuttalli) yellow-blotched Ensatina (Ensatina croceator) yellow-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium elmiri) yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) yellow lady-slipper (Cypripedium calceolus) yellow-nosed cotton rat (Sigmodon ochrognathus) yellow perch (Perca flavescens) yellow pine yellow-pine chipmunk (Tamias amoenus) yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) yellow-rumped warbler (Dendroica coronata) yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) yellow tripletlily (Triteleia crocea var. crocea) yellow troutlily (Erythronium rostratum) yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia) yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus) yellowjackets & hornets (Vespinae) yerba de pasmo (Baccharis pteronioides) yoke darter (Etheostoma juliae) Yorktown onion (Allium ampeloprasum var. atrovoilaceum) Yosemite bitterroot (Lewisia disepala) Yosemite onion (Allium yosemitense) Yosemite toad (Bufo canorus) Yosemite woollysunflower (Eriophyllum nubigenum) Yttrium (Y) yucca yucca moth (Tegeticula yuccasella) Yuma myotis (Myotis yumaensis) Zale chisoensis (noctuid moth) Zamagiria kendalli (snout moth) Zenaida (dove genus) zeolite zeolitic diagenesis zinc (Zn) Zirconium (Zr) zircons zone-tailed hawk (Buteo albonotatus) zoning zooplankton --------------------------------------------------------------------------- American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) American eel (Anguilla rostrata) American shad (Alosa sapidissima) American vultures (Cathartidae) animal behavior Anoles (Anolis) Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC): arrow crab (Cyphoma gibbosum) Arrow crab (Stenorhynchus seticornis) Asiatic tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum) bats (Chiroptera) birds (Aves) black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) Black rat (Rattus rattus) Black tunicate (Ascidia nigra) bluffs breat land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) burned area California quail (Callipepla californica) California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) California vole (Microtus californicus) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) chain pickerel (Esox niger) Chicken liver sponge (Chondrilla nucula) Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps) Chondrilla sp. (sponge) Chuckwalla (Sauromalus obesus) Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) common juniper (Juniperus communis) common shiner (Notropis cornutus) competition (species) coney (Cephalopholis fulva) Crested anole (Anolis cristatellus) crippled cranefly (Tipularia discolor) Desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) diseases dispersion Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) Dwarf geckos (Sphaerodactylus) Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) Eastern screech-owl (Otus asio) epizootic evaporation fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) fire fish foureye butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus) French grunt (Haemulon flavloineatum) frogs & toads (Salientia) golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) granivory great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus) Gulf Coast kangaroo rat (Dipodomys compactus) Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni) Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) incense cedar (Calocedrus) Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) interference competition kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) knolls landforms lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris) Least flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) litter Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) Little pocket-mouse (Perognathus longimembris) lizards (Lacertilia) Loggerhead sponge (Ircinia strobilina) mammals (Mammalia) Marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) Mastiff-bats (Eumops) mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) mile a minute vine (Ipomoea cairica) Mona boa (Epicrates monensis) multiple births muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) Neotropical worm lizards (Amphisbaena) New World rats and mice (Sigmodontinae) Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) Northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) owls (Strigiformes) parrotfishes (Scaridae) Pederson's cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni) pine (Pinus) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) Pocket mice (Perognathus) pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) queen parrotfish (Scarus vetula) queen triggerfish (Balistes vetula) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) Red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Red fig-eating bat (Stenoderma rufum) Red-legged frog (Rana aurora) Red sponge (Haliclona rubens) Red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus) redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) reproduction Ringed anemone (Bartholomea annulata) rodents (Rodentia) rosy finch (Leucosticte arctoa) scaps Scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) seed bank seed collection seeds shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) snakes (Serpentes) sorghum (Sorghum propinquum) southern stingray (Dasyatis americana) Southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega) Spanish hogfish (Bodianus rufus) Spotted cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes yucatanicus) squirrels (Sciuridae) St. Croix anole (Anolis acutus) St. Croix ground lizard (Ameiva polops) sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) Surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) Thrushes (Turdinae) transpiration trees Tube sponge (Callyspongia vaginalis) Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) Virgin Islands tree boa (Epicrates monenesis granti) voles warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) weasels (Mustela) West Indies spiny lobster (Panulirus argas) Western banded gecko (Coleonyx variegatus) Western bluebird (Sialia mexicana) Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) white perch (Morone americana) White-tailed antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus) Wood-warblers (Parulinae) woodpeckers & allies (Picidae) woodrats (Neotoma) yellow bullhead (Ictalurus natalis) yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) prehistoric fish Big-eared kangaroo rat (Dipodomys elephantinus) California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) California pocket mouse (Chaetodipus californicus) California vole (Microtus californicus) desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni) ornate shrew (Sorex ornatus) Agathiceras (mollusk) American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) American eel (Anguilla rostrata) American egret (Egretta alba) American shad (Alosa sapidissima) American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) American vultures (Cathartidae) amphibians (Amphibia) amphibians (Amphibia) animal behavior Annellus californicus (fossil plankton) Anoles (Anolis) Anopheles hermsi (mosquito) anorthosite antimony (Sb) ants (Formicidae) aphyllophorales (fungi?) Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC): arenite argon (Ar) arkose arrow crab (Cyphoma gibbosum) Arrow crab (Stenorhynchus seticornis) Asiatic tearthumb (Polygonum perfoliatum) audio-magnetotelluric soundings Baccharis malibuensis (flower) basalts bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bats (Chiroptera) bees, ants & wasps (Hymenoptera) Belding's sparrow (Passerculus beldingi) bell's vireo (Vireo bellii) bigpod ceanothus (Ceanothus megacarpus) Biplica birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) birds (Aves) bitumen black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) Black rat (Rattus rattus) black sage (Salvia mellifera) Black scoter (Melanitta nigra) Black tunicate (Ascidia nigra) Black vulture (Coragyps atratus) blue oak (Quercus douglasii) bluffs Brant (Branta bernicla) breat land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) Broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypterus) brooktite brown algae (Phaeophyceae) brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) bryophytes (Bryophyta) bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) burned area butterflies & moths (Lepidoptera) calcareous rocks calcium (Ca) calcium carbonate California live oak (Quercus agrifolia) California mountain kingsnake (Lampropeltis zonata) California quail (Callipepla californica) California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) California sycamore (Platanus racemosa) California treefrog (Hyla cadaverina) California vole (Microtus californicus) California walnut (Juglans californica) California white oak (Quercus lobata) Calileuctra (stonefly genus) Calileuctra dobryi (stonefly) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) caves ceanothus (Ceanothus) chain pickerel (Esox niger) chemistry chemistry chemistry chemistry chemistry chemistry chemistry Chicken liver sponge (Chondrilla nucula) Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps) Chondrilla sp. (sponge) Chuckwalla (Sauromalus obesus) Cinulia obliqua (fossil gastropod?) clastic rocks clinoptilolite Clistobothrium carcharodoni (shark parasite) Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) coal columnar basalt common chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) common juniper (Juniperus communis) Common musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) common shiner (Notropis cornutus) competition (species) coney (Cephalopholis fulva) conglomerate Crested anole (Anolis cristatellus) crippled cranefly (Tipularia discolor) crustaceans (Crustacea) deciduous trees Desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) diseases dispersion dissolved ions Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) Dwarf geckos (Sphaerodactylus) eagles, kites, hawks & allies (Accipitridae) Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) eastern painted turtle (Chysemys picta picta) Eastern screech-owl (Otus asio) echinoderms (Echinodermata) edible plants Elphidiella hannai (fossil) epistilbite epizootic ethnobotany evaporation fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) ferrierite finches & allies (Fringillidae) fire fire fire fighting fire management fire suppression firebreaks fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fish fossils fossils fossils fossils fossils fossils foureye butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus) French grunt (Haemulon flavloineatum) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) frogs & toads (Salientia) fungi Ganolytes cameo (prehistoric fish) gases gastropods (Gastropoda) gastropods (Gastropoda) geomorphology geomorphology geophysics geophysics golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) granivory gray-crowned rosy finch (Leucosticte tephrocotis) great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus) griffithite Gulf Coast kangaroo rat (Dipodomys compactus) Gulf Coast kangaroo rat (Dipodomys compactus) gyrolite habitat fragmentation halides Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni) Hesperostipa comata ssp. comata honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) incense cedar (Calocedrus) Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) insects (Insecta) interference competition Jefferson's salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) kelp kergen kingsnake (Lampropeltis) knolls krypton (Kr) landforms lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris) laurel-sumac (Malosma laurina) least Bell's vireo (Viero bellii pusillus) Least flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) limestone litter Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) Little pocket-mouse (Perognathus longimembris) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) lizards (Lacertilia) Loggerhead sponge (Ircinia strobilina) Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) Lyon's pygmydaisy (Pentachaeta lyonii) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mammals (Mammalia) mapping Marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) Mastiff-bats (Eumops) mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum) Meekia Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) Mielichhoferia tehamensis (bryophyte?) mile a minute vine (Ipomoea cairica) minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals minerals Mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) mollusks (Mollusca) mollusks (Mollusca) mollusks (Mollusca) mollusks (Mollusca) Mona boa (Epicrates monensis) mosquito fish (Gambusia) mosquitoes (Culicidae) multiple births muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) neon (Ne) neon (Ne) Neotropical worm lizards (Amphisbaena) New World rats and mice (Sigmodontinae) Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) Northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) oak (Quercus) oak (Quercus) oak (Quercus) Oncorhynchus Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) owls (Strigiformes) owls (Strigiformes) Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) paleocurrent Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) palynomorphs pampas grass (Cortaderia) parasites parrotfishes (Scaridae) Pederson's cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni) pericarids piddocks (Pholadidae) pine (Pinus) Plagiostoma (fossils) plane trees (Platanaceae) plane-trees (Platanaceae) plane-trees (Platanaceae) plankton plants pocket gophers (Geomyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) pocket mice & kangaroo rats (Heteromyidae) Pocket mice (Perognathus) prehistoric animals prehistoric animals Proceratium californicum (ant) pseudomorphs pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) queen parrotfish (Scarus vetula) queen triggerfish (Balistes vetula) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) rattlesnakes (Crotalus & Sistrurus) Red-bellied turtle (Pseudemys rubriventris) Red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Red fig-eating bat (Stenoderma rufum) Red-legged frog (Rana aurora) Red sponge (Haliclona rubens) Red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus) red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) redshank (Adenostoma sparsifolium) refugia reproduction reptiles (Reptilia) reserves rheology rhyodacite Ringed anemone (Bartholomea annulata) (Memo) rivers & streams rocks rocks rocks rocks rodents (Rodentia) rodents (Rodentia) rodents (Rodentia) rodents (Rodentia) rodents (Rodentia) rosy finch (Leucosticte arctoa) sage (Salvia) salamanders (Caudata) salamanders (Caudata) salamanders (Caudata) saltmarsh bird's beak (Cordylanthus maritimus maritimus) sandstone Santa Ana winds Santa Monica Mountains hairstreak (Satyrium auretorum fumosum) Santa Susana tarweed (Hemizonia minthornii) scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) scaps Scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) Schlumberger soundings sedimentary rock seed bank seed collection seeds septaria sharks sharks shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) shrimp & crayfish (Decapoda) Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) Sierra Nevada pocket gopher Sirex longicauda (siricid insect) slope caves snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) snakes (Serpentes) sorghum (Sorghum propinquum) southern stingray (Dasyatis americana) Southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega) Spanish hogfish (Bodianus rufus) sparrows spiny ceanothus (Ceanothus spinosus) Spotted cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes yucatanicus) spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) squirrels (Sciuridae) squirrels (Sciuridae) squirrels (Sciuridae) squirrels (Sciuridae) St. Croix anole (Anolis acutus) St. Croix ground lizard (Ameiva polops) state parks stilbite stoneflies (Plecoptera) (Memo) stoneflies (Plecoptera) sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) sunflower family (Asteraceae) Surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) talus thomsonite thorium (Th) Thrushes (Turdinae) tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi) tilt networks Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) tomography transpiration tree trees trees trees trees trees trees trees trees Tube sponge (Callyspongia vaginalis) turbidites Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) Turritella (fossils) Turritella andersonii (fossil) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) turtles & tortoises (Testudines) Two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) Urocierus californicus (siricid insect) Virgin Islands tree boa (Epicrates monenesis granti) volcanic formations voles vugs walnut (Juglans) warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) weasels (Mustela) West Indies spiny lobster (Panulirus argas) Western banded gecko (Coleonyx variegatus) Western bluebird (Sialia mexicana) Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) Western mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) white perch (Morone americana) White-tailed antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus) wildlife corridors wildrye (Elymus) wind Wood frog (Rana sylvatica) Wood-warblers (Parulinae) woodpeckers & allies (Picidae) woodrats (Neotoma) woodrats (Neotoma) wulfenite yellow bullhead (Ictalurus natalis) yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) boreal yarrow (Achillea millefolium var. borealis) Ammophila azteca distant phacelia (Phacelia distans) coyotebush (Baccharis pilularis) European searocket (Cakile maritima) Clathrina coriacea (sponge) Bingham's false bindweed (Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae) sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Catalina tarweed (Hemizonia clementina) Parry horkelia (Horkelia parryi) wishbonebush (Mirabilis californica var. californica) California creamcups (Platystemon californicus) lacepod (Thysanocarpus conchuliferus) spiny mole crab (Blepharipoda occcidentalis) true crabs (Brachyura) California mussel (Mytilus californianus) California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) Centrostephanus coronatus (sea urchin) sand crab (Emerita analoga) common chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) silver burr ragweed (Ambrosia chamissonis) Hoffman's rockcress (Arabis hoffmannii) California sagebrush (Artemisia californica) San Miguel milkvetch (Astragalus miguelensis) Australian saltbush (Atriplex semibaccata) cutleaf burnweed (Erechtites glomerata) slender oat (Avena barbata) wild oat (Avena fatua) beach shieldpod (Dithyrea maritima) Bishop pine (Pinus muricata) Bochman's live-forever (Dudleya blochmaniae subspecies insularis) California desertthorn (Lycium californicum) western brackenfern (Pteridium aquilinum) alabaster plant (Dudleya virens) foxtail brome (Bromus rubens) island false bindweed (Calystegia macrostegia ssp. macrostegia) orange lichen (Caloplaca) Castilleja hololeuca Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus) bigpod ceanothus (Ceanothus megacarpus) barranca brush (Ceanothus verrucosus) yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Catalina Island mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus traskiae) nettleleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium murale) Prunus ilicifolia ssp. lyonii clustered thistle (Cirsium brevistylum) cobwebby thistle (Cirsium occidentale) coastal live oak (Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia) saltmarsh bird's beak (Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus) giant coreopsis (Coreopsis gigantea) tree poppy (Dendromecon) tree poppy (Dendromecon rigida) Dudleya Greene's liveforever (Dudleya greenei) Santa Cruz Island liveforever (Dudleya nesiotica) Santa Barbara Island liveforever (Dudleya traskiae) seawrack (Zostera marina) giant wildrye (Leymus condensatus) cutleaf burnweed (Erechtites glomerata) Pacific Island buckwheat (Eriogonum grande var. rubescens) Santa Cruz Island buckwheat (Eriogonum arborescens) St. Catherine's lace (Eriogonumm giganteum var. compactum) Pacific Island buckwheat (Eriogonum grande) redstem stork's bill (Erodium cicutarium) island wallflower (Erysimum insulare) eucalyptus fennel (Foeniculum) fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) Santa Cruz Island bedstraw (Galium buxifolium) Miguel bedstraw (Galium californicum ssp. miguelense) climbing bedstraw (Galium nuttallii ssp. nuttallii) Nevin gilia (Gilia nevinii) greater yellowthroat gilia (Gilia tenuiflora) Hoffman's gilia (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii) Great Valley gumweed (Grindelia camporum var. camporum) Menzies' jimmyweed (Isocoma menziesii var. vernonioides) smooth barley (Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum) iceplant (Mesembryanthemum) common iceplant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) ironwood (Eusideroxylon) island barberry (Mahonia pinnata ssp. insularis) island buttonsaxifrage (Jepsonia malvifolia) island false bindweed (Calystegia macrostegia ssp. smplissima) island live oak (Quercus tomentella) Pinus remorata var. remorata Channel Island goldenpoppy (Eschscholzia ramosa) Catalina tarweed (Hemizonia clementina) island buttonsaxifrage (Jepsonia malvifolia) malva rosa (Lavatera assurgentiflora) Cornish mallow (Lavatera cretica) Lavateras (plant genus) California live oak (Quercus agrifolia) trefoil (Lotus) silver birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus argophyllus) silver birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus argophyllus var. argenteus) California desertthorn (Lycium californicum) lyonothamnus Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. aspleniifolius) Mendocino bushmallow (Malacothamnus fasciculatus) malacothrix leafy desertdandelion (Malacothrix foliosa) dandelion (Malacothrix incana) Santa Cruz Island desertdandelion (Malacothrix indecora) manyhead dandelion (Malacothrix polycephala) cliff desertdandelion (Malacothrix saxatilis var. implicata) twin desertdandelion (Malacothrix similis) cheeseweed mallow (Malva parviflora) island bush monkeyflower (Diplacus parviflorus) southern bush monkeyflower (Diplacus longiflorus) mustard (Brassica) Nevin's gilia (Gilia nevinii) coastal pricklypear (Opuntia littoralis) chaparral pricklypear (Opuntia oricola) Parish's broomrape (Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba) Santa Rosa Island scorpionweed (Phacelia insularis) Bishop pine (Pinus muricata) Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) western goldfern (Pentagrama triangularis ssp. triangularis) leathery polypody (Polypodium scouleri) hollyleaf cherry (Prunus ilicifolia) Pacific fishscale lichen (Psora pacifica) tussockgrass (Nassella pulchra) canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis) blue oak (Quercus doublassiiK) California scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) California white oak (Quercus lobata) Santa Cruz Island oak (Quercus parvula) island live oak (Quercus tomentella) interior live oak (Quercus wislizeni) radish (Raphanus) lemonade sumac (Rhus integrifolia) Achnatherum diegoense San Nicholas desertthorn (Lycium verrucosum) Pacific Island buckwheat (Eriogonum grande var. timorum) San Nicholas biscuitroot (Lomatium insulare) St. Catherine's lace (Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum) California creamcups (Platystemon californicus) Santa Rosa Island Manzanita (Arctostaphylos confertiflora) softleaf Indian paintbrush (Castilleja mollis) California seablite (Suaeda californica) seaside fleabane (Erigeron glaucus) blessed milkthistle (Silybum marianum) Torrey's surfgrass (Phyllospadix torreyi) Scouler's surfgrass (Phyllospadix scouleri) Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) Trask's catseye (Cryptantha traskiae) Trask's milkvetch (Astragalus traskiae) sponges (Porifera) sponges (Porifera) insularis) aspleniifolius) (Memo) --IMA.Boundary.796465278 Content-Type: text/basic; name="leadtrms.txt" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Description: MS-DOS text file Content-Disposition: inline; filename="leadtrms.txt" Lead-in terms (terms where I've used another term instead, e.g., in my thesaurus I said "Abies USE fir (Abies) Abies Abies amabilis Abies bracteata Abies concolor Abies lasiocarpa Abies magnifica Abies magnifica shastensis Abies procera Abies X shastensis Abronia angustifolia Abronia latifolia abundance abundance Acacia greggii var. greggii Acacia minuta ssp. minuta Acacia smallii Acanthogobius flavimanus Acari Acarina Acartia (copepod) accidents Accipiter cooperii Accipiter gentilis Accipitridae Acer dasycarpum Acer macrophyllum Acer negundo Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum Acheta domesticus Achillea millefolium Achurum sumichrasti acid deposition acid precipitation acid pumice Acipenser transmontanus Acipenseridae Acmaeodera chisoensis Acris crepitans Acropora palmata Acroptilon repens Actiniaria adderstongue Adelges piceae Adelges tsugae Adiantum capillus-veneris Adiantum modestum Aechmea lingulata Aechmophorus occidentalis Aedes cantator Aedes sollicitans Aegolius acadicus aerial census aerial magnetism Aeronautes saxatalis Aesculus Aesculus glabra Aesculus pavia Ag Agasicles hygrophila Agastache pallidiflora Agastache parvifolia Agastache parvifolia Agave glomeruliflora Agave gracilipes Agave havardiana Agave havardiana Agave havardiana Agave lechuguilla Agave neomexicana Agave parryi neomexicana Agave virginica age Agelaius phoeniceus Agkistrodon piscivorus Agropyron dasystachyum Agropyron desertorum Agropyron desertorum Agropyron elmeri Agropyron lanceolatum Agropyron repens Agropyron riparium Agropyron riparum Agropyron spicatum Agropyron vaseyi Agrostis clivicola var. punta-reyesensis Ailanthus Ailanthus altissima Ailanthus glandulosa Aimophila aestivalis Aimophila obscura air pollutants air pressure air visibility Aix sponsa Ajaia ajaja Al Alauda arvensis Albizia julibrissin Albizia julibrissin Albizzia julibrissin Alcidae Alectis ciliaris Aletes macdougalii Alhagi Alhagi maurorum alkali feldspar all terrain vehicles Allaria alliaria Allia Alliaria officinalis Alliaria petiolata alligator alligator mississippiensis Allium Allium ampeloprasum var. atrovoilaceum Allium canadense Allium gooddingii Allium simillimum Allium tribracteatum Allium yosemitense Allophylus crassinervis Alnus Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Alnus rubra Alnus serrulata Alnus serrulata Alnus serrulata Alnus sinuata Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata Alosa pseudoharengus Alsine pubera Alternanthera philoxeroides altitude Amaranthus pumilus Ambloplites constellatus Ambloplites rupestris Amblyomma americanum Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ambrosia chamissonis Ambystoma gracile Ambystoma macrodactylum Ambystoma maculatum Amelanchier Amelanchier canadensis American bullfrog American pintail duck Amillaria Ammonoidea Ammophila Ammophila arenaria Ammophila breviligulata Ammotragus lervia Amoebina Amorpha Amorpha Amorpha Amphibia Amphipoda Amphispiza belli Amphispiza bilineata Amsinckia scouleri Amsinckia spectabilis Amsonia peeblesii Amygdalus persica Amynothrips andersoni Anaplasma marginale Anas acuta Anas crecca Anas discors Anas platyrhynchos Anas rubripes Anas rubripes Anas strepera Anatidae anatids anchors Andrachne arida Andropogon scoparius Androstephium breviflorum Aneides aeneus Aneides hardii anemone Anemone hepatica anemones animal calls animal-human encounters Anisopodidae anistropy Annelida Anostraca antelope (pronghorn) Antennaria Antennaria corymbosa Antennaria media Antennaria pulchella Anthozoa Antilocapra americana Antrozous pallidus Anura Aphelocoma coerulescens Aphelocoma coerulescens insularis Aphididae Apis mellifera Aplodontia rufa Aplodontia rufa phaea Apocynum cannabium Apodemia chisoensis Apodidae Apoidea AQRVs aquatic insects aquatic plants Aquila chrysaetos Aquilegia Aquilegia australis Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia coccinea Aquilegia formosa Aquilegia longissima Aquilegia phoenicantha Aquilegia pubescens Arabis suffrutescens Arabis suffrutescens Arachnida Aralia spinosa Araneae Aratus pisonii Arbutus Arbutus xalapensis Arceuthobium Arceuthobium americanum Arceuthobium pusillum Arceuthobium vaginatum Arceuthobium vaginatum cryptododum Arceuthobium vaginatum cryptopodum Archean Archidoris montereyensis Archilochus alexandri Archosargus probatocephalus arctic three-toed woodpecker Arctostaphylos Arctostaphylos patula Arctotheca calendula Ardea herodias Ardeidae Areacaceae Arecaceae Argentacer saccharinum Argyrodes Argythamnia californica Arisaema dracontium Arisaema dracontium Arisaema triphyllum Aristolochia reticulata Arius felis armadillo Arnica venosa Artemisia Artemisia tridentata Arthropoda Artiodactyla Arundinaria gigantea Arundo donax As Ascaphus truei Asclepias Asclepias fascicularis Asclepias intermedia Asclepias kansana Asclepias mexicana Asclepias syriaca Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias variegata Asclepias variegata Asclepias variegata Ascomycota ash Ashmunella amblya Ashmunella carlsbadensis Asimina triloba Asio flammeus Asio otus Aspergillaceae Asplenium rhizophyllum Asplenium trichomanes Asplenium X gravesii Astacidae Astacidae aster family (Asteraceae) Aster laevis Aster paucicapitatus Aster paucicapitatus Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteroidea Astragalus Astragalus atratus Astragalus castetteri Astragalus cottonii Astragalus diaphanus Astragalus filipes Astragalus gypsodes Astragalus mollissimus Astragalus mollissimus var. earlei Astragalus monumentalis Astragalus purshii Astragalus wootonii Astrolepis cochisensis ssp. cochisensis Astrolepis sinuata ssp. sinuata Athene cunicularia Atlantic Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempi) atmospheric chemistry Atrina seminuda Atriplex canescens Atta texana ATVs (all terrain vehicles) Au auger snails auklets AUM (animal unit months) auodad autumn avalanche prediction Avena Aves Aythya affinish Aythya americana B Ba Baccharis halimifolia Baccharis pilularis Baccharis pteronioides backpacking badger Balaenoptera acutorostrata Balaenoptera musculus ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata) bamboo bank stabilization Bankia gouldi Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea Baptisia leucophaea Baptisia leucophaea barn owl Barnaby's thistle barometric pressure Bartonia texana Bartramia longicauda basalt pillows basic scoria Basilarchia lorquini Basilarchia weidemeyerii Basin big sagebrush basket cockle (Clinocardium nuttallii) Bassariscus astutus Batesimalva violacea Battus philenor Be beach nourishment beaver beech beech blight aphid behavior bellwort Belostoma confusum Berberis Berberis thunbergii Berlandier's tortoise Bethylidae Bi Bicuculla canadensis Bicuculla cucullaria Big Bend agave (Agave havardiana) Big Bend cane cholla Big Bend hophornbeam Big Bend loco biogeographic regions biogeographical zones biological diversity biozones bison bitter panicum (Panicum angustifolium) bitterbrush bitterns Bivalvia Bivalvia black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) black duck (Anas rubripes) black haw black-headed snake black oystercatcher black-tailed deer black tupelo blanket-flower Blarina brevicauda Blattodea blazing star (Liatris) Blennosperma nanum blue-green algal flats blue-tail skink blueback salmon bluets bobwhite BOD body weight bogs bombs Bombus Bonamia ovalifolia Bonasa umbellus Boquillas euphorbia (Euphorbia golondrina) Borrelia burgdorferi Bos bison botany Bothidae Bothidae and Pleuronectidae Botrychium pumicola Botryodiplodia theobromae Bouteloua brevilseta Bouteloua breviseta Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua eriopoda Bouteloua gracilis Bovidae Brachiopoda Brachylagus idahoensis Brachyramphus marmoratus Branta bernicla Branta canadensis breakwaters Brevoortia Brevoortia patronus Brevoortia tyrannus Brickellia brine Bromeliaceae Bromus Bromus japonicus Bromus marginatus Bromus tectorum Brongniartia minutifolia Brongniartia minutifolia Brongniartia minutifolia broom brown bear Brown Towhee browse Bryophyta Bubo virginianus Bubonic plague Bubulcus Bubulcus ibis buckeye budget buffalo buffalo gnats buffering capacity Bufo boreas Bufo canorus Bufo woodhousii buildings bulb lipfern (Notholaena sinuata) bull pine Bunched cory cactus bunchgrass Bunyaviridae: California serogroup Buprestidae Buprestis burns Buteo albonotatus Buteo jamaicensis Buteo lagopus Buteo lineatus Buteo regalis Buteo swainsoni Buteo swainsonii Butorides virescens butter clam buttercup butterweed button cactus buttonwood Buxus chinensis Ca Cactaceae Cakile Cakile cakile Cakile edentula Cakile edentula harperi Cakile harperi Cakile maritima Calamagrostis Calamagrostis breweri calanoida (copepod) Calaveras warbler calcium sulfate Calidris alba Calidris alpina Calidris mauri Calidris minutilla California gray whale California ground squirrel California pygmy owl California red-backed vole Callianassa isagrande Calligrapha scalaris Callinectes Callipepla californica Callipepla squamata Calliphora vomitoria Callorhinus ursinus Calocedrus decurrens Calochortus striatus Calonectris diomedea Calothorax lucifer Calypte anna Calyptranthes thomasiana Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium Calystegia soldanella camel crickets Campanula parryi Campanula piperi Campephilus principalis Camponotini Campostoma ornatum Campsis radicans Camptosorus rhizophyllus Cancer gracilis Cancer magister Cancer oregonensis Cancer oregonensis Cancer oregonensis Cancer productus cane Canidae Canis familiaris Canis latrans Canis lupus Canis lupus baileyi Canis rufus Cannabis sativa Caprellida Carabidae caracaras Carcharodon carcharias Cardamine breweri Cardamine concatenata Cardamine laciniata Cardamine pensylvanica Cardellina rubrifrons Cardisoma guanhumi Carduelis psaltria Cardus Carduus lanceolatus Carduus nutans Carduus vulgaris Caretta caretta Carex Carex anthoxanthea Carex collinsii Carex exserta Carex kelloggi Carex lenticularis var. lipocarpa Carex pumila Carex specuicola carnotite carpet phlox Carpodacus mexicanus Cascade phase Casmerodius albus Casmerodius albus Castanea Castanea dentata Castanea pumila Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis Castilleja coccinea Castilleja cryptantha Castilleja crypthantha Castilleja elongata Castilleja integra var. integra Castilleja levisecta Castor canadensis Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa speciosa catchfly (Silene) catclaw mimosa (Mimosa biunicifera) Cathartes aura Catharus guttatus Catharus ustulatus Cathestecum erectum Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Catostomidae Catostomus commersoni Catostomus macrocheilus Catostomus occidentalis Caudata Caulophyllum thalictroides cave exploration cave formation cave formations cave microclimate cave moisture Cayenne tern CCC Cd Ceanothus americanus Ceanothus arboreas Ceanothus arboreus Ceanothus divergens ssp. occidentalis Ceanothus greggii Ceanothus prostratus Ceanothus sanguineus Ceanothus velutinus cedar rust Celtis Celtis laevigata Cenchrus Cenchrus incertus Cenchrus longispinus census Centaurea repens Centaurea solstitialis Centrarchidae Centrocercus urophasianus Centropomus undecimalis Cephalosporium diospyri Cephus Cepphus columba Cepphus grylle Cerambycidae beetle Ceratocystis fagacearum Ceratocystis ulmi Ceratoides lanata Ceratopogonidae Ceratopteris richardii Cercis canadensis Cercocarpus intricatus Cercocarpus ledifolius Cercocarpus montanus Cereus greggii Cerorhinca monocerata Certhia familiaris Cervidae Cervus axis Cervus dama Cervus elaphus Cervus elaphus nannodes Cervus nippon Cestoda Cetacea Ceuthophilus Ceuthophilus stygius Chaetodipus intermedius Chaetognatha Chaetopappa hersheyi Chamaea fasciata Chamaebatiaria millefolium Chamaepericlymenum canadense Chamaerops Chamaesyce fendleri var. chaetocalyx Chamaesyce golondrina Chamisso's miner's-lettuce Chamiza channel Chaoboridae Charadriiformes Charadrius alexandrinus Charadrius melodus Chasmosaurus mariscalensis Cheilanthes gracillima Cheilanthes tomentosa Chelonethida Chelonia mydas Cheloniidae Chelydra serpentina Chelydra serpentina serpentina Chelydridae chemical composition chemical contaminants Chen caerulescens Chenopodium album Chenopodium botrys chickweed Chilopoda Chinese elm Chinese tallow Chino grama (Bouteloua brevilseta) chinquapin Chironomidae Chironomids Chiroptera Chisos agave Chisos hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus chisoensis) chisos oak chital deer Chlorogalum Chlorophyta Chondrichthyes Chordeiles Chordeiles minor Choristoneura fumiferana Choristoneura occidentalis Chorizanthe valida Choroterpes Chrysanthemum leucanthemum chrysemys picta Chrysemys picta Chrysemys picta Chrysemys picta Chrysemys scripta gaigeae Chrysididae Chrysomelidae Chrysothamnus Chrysothamnus nauseosus Texensis Chrysothamnus spathulatus Cicadellidae Cicadidae Cicindelidae Cimicidae Cinclus mexicanus cinquefoil circadian activity Circus cyaneus Circus hudsonicus cirier Cirripedia Cirsium arvense Cirsium lanceolatum Cirsium lanceolatum var. hypoleucum Cirsium vulgare Cistothorus palustris Citellus grammurus Cl Cl- Cladium jamaicense Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense Cladocera Cladocerans Cladosporium carpophilum clam digging claret cup cactus (Echinocereus triglochidiatus) Clarkia australis Claytonia caroliniana Claytonia chamissoi Claytonia lanceolata clearcuts Clematis viorna Clematis virginiana Clemmys marmorata Clemmys marmorata marmorata Cleridae Clethrionomys Clethrionomys californicus Clethrionomys gapperi Clethrionomys occidentalis cliffrose (Memo) Clinocardium Clinocardium nuttallii Clinocardium nuttallii Clinocardium nuttallii Clupea pallasii Clupeidae Clusia rosea Clydia pomonella Cnemidophorus Cnemidophorus gularis Cnemidophorus inornatus Cnemidophorus marmoratus Cnemidophorus septemvittatus Cnemidophorus tesselatus Cnemidophorus tigris CO CO2 coarse particulates coast coastal plain pennywort coastline Coccinellidae Coccyzus americanus Cochliomyia hominivorax COD Coelenterata Coereba flaveola Coleonyx brevis Coleonyx reticulatus Coleonyx reticulatus Coleonyx reticulatus Coleonyx reticulatus Coleoptera Coleotechnites milleri Colinus virginianus collaring collections Collomia mazama colonial waterbirds Coluber Columba fasciata Columba leucocephala Columba squamosa Columbidae Commelina communis common blow fly common catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) common cinquefoil common littleneck clam common smartweed common true lizard common whorled pogonia common winterfat communities Compositae computer disk condition conenose bug Conepatus Conocarpus erectus Conocarpus erectus Conomyrma insana conservation contaminants Contia tenuis Contopus sordidulus controlled burns Convolvulaceae Convolvulus sepium Convolvulus soldanella cony coon stripe shrimp (Pandalus danae) Copelatus glyphicus Copepoda Cophosaurus texanus copper chipmunk Corallorhiza wisteriana Corallorrhiza wisteriana Corbicula manilensis Cordia sebestena Coregonus clupeaformis Corema conradii coreopsis Cornella canadensis Cornella canadensis var. dutillyi Cornus canadensis Cornus florida Cornus nuttallii Cortaderia Corvus corax Cory's pincushion cactus Corydalus cornutus Corydalus cornutus Corydalus cornutus Corydalus cornutus Corynorhinus townsendii Coryphantha chaffeyi Coryphantha dasyacantha Coryphantha duncanii Coryphantha duncanii Coryphantha fragrans Coryphantha minima Coryphantha ramillosa Coryphantha scheeri Coryphantha sneedii Coryphantha sneedii var. leei Coryphantha sneedii var. nova Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii Coryphantha strobiliformis Coryphantha strobiliformis var. durispina Coryphantha vivipara Coryphantha vivipara alversonii Cossidae Cottidae Cottus greenei Cottus gulosus cougar Covillea tridentata Cowania mexicana coypu crabs Craspedolepta eas Crataegus Crataegus Crater Lake Rockcress (Arabis suffrutescens) crawfish crayfish (Astacidae) crested coralroot (Hexalectris spicata) crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) Cretaceous crocodile Cricetid mice Cricetidae Cricetidae crickets Cronartium ribicola Crotalus Crotalus atrox Crotalus horridus Crotalus lepidus lepidus Crotalus molossus molossus Crotalus scutulatus Crotalus viridis lutosus Crotalus viridis nuntius Crotalus viridis oreganus Crotalus viridis viridis Crotaphytus collaris crown coverage Crunocallis chamissoi Crustacea Cryptococcus fagisuga Cryptorhopalum crystalloblastesis Cs Ctenopharyngodon idella Cu Cuculidae Culex pipiens Culicidae Culicoides Culicoides brookmani culling Cupressus Curculionidae cuterebrid flies Cuterebridae cutworms (Noctuidae) cyanobacteria Cyanocitta cristata Cyanocitta stelleri Cycladenia humilis Cygnus columbiana Cymodocea filiformis Cymodocea manatorum Cynipidae Cynodon dactylon Cynomys ludovicianus Cynomys ludovicianus Cynoscion arenarius Cynoscion nebulosus Cynoscion nothus Cynoscion regalis Cynoxylon floridum Cynthia cardui Cyperaceae Cyprinidae Cyprinodon Cyprinodon tularosa Cyprinodon variegatus Cyprinus carpio Cypripedium acaule Cypripedium calceolus Cypripedium kentuckiense Cypripedium parviflorum Cyrtonyx montezumae Cystopteris dickieana Cystopteris fragilis Cystopteris utahensis Cytisus scoparius Dactylopius confusus daffodil Dama dama damselflies Danaus gilippus Danaus plexippus Dasylirion Dasypus novemcinctus data file Datana integerrima daylily death debris aprons Decapoda Decapoda decay decline deer flies deer tick Delphinidae Delphinium newtonianum Delphinium treleasei Delphinium tricorne Dendragapus canadensis Dendragapus obscurus Dendroctonus Dendroctonus Dendroctonus adjunctus Dendroctonus barberi Dendroctonus brevicomis Dendroctonus frontalis Dendroctonus ponderosae Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Dendroctonus terebrans Dendroica Dendroica coronata Dendroica discolor Dendroica nigrescens Dendroica palmerum Dendroica petechia Dendroica virens Dentaria concatenata Dentaria laciniata dentition denudation deposition (geologic) deposits Dermacentor variabilis Dermaptera Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea Dermochelys coriacea coriaceae Deschampsia Descurainia sophia desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) desert fan palm desert mint desert mountain mahogany desert night-blooming cactus desert ocean spray Desmognathus quadramaculatus detritus Deutzia dewberry (Rubus) Diabrotica barberi Diadophis punctatus diastrophism Dicamptodon ensatus Dicamptodon ensatus Dicamptodon tenebrosus Dicentra canadensis Dicentra cucullaria Dicentra occidentalis Dicentra pauciflora Dicentra uniflora Dichanthelium aciculare Dichromanassa rufescens Dicotyles tajacu Didelphis virginiana diet Digitaria dikes (levees) Dinoflagellata Diomedeidae Dionda diaboli Diospyros virginiana Diplanthera wrightii Diplopoda Diploria strigosa Dipodomys compactus Dipodomys merriami Dipodomys ordii Dipsacus fullonum Diptera Dirca palustris disposal well dissolved solids Distichlis spicata Distichlis spicata Distichlis stricta Ditaxis californica diversity diving DNA Dodecatheon meadia dogtooth violet dogwood Dolichos soja domestic dog Donax texasianus Donax texasianus Donax tumida Donax variabilis Donax variabilis Donax variabilis donkey Dorosoma cepedianum Dorymyrmex insana doves downwasting drainages dredged material islands Drosophila drying Dryocopus pileatus Dryopteris arguta Dryopteris assimilis Dryopteris dilatata Dryopteris expansa Dryopteris spinulosa var. dilatata duck hawk Duncan's pincushion cactus (Coryphantha duncanii) dunes dwarf dandelion dwarf nightshade dwarf wild iris (Iris cristata) eagle's claw (Echinocactus horizonthalonius) eagles Earth's eastern brook trout eastern brown pelican eastern sycamore Echinacea pallida Echinocactus horizonthalonius Echinocactus horizonthalonius Echinocereus Echinocereus chisoensis Echinocereus chisoensis Echinocereus chisoensis Echinocereus ctenoides Echinocereus lloydi Echinocereus pectinatus var. dasyacanthus Echinocereus species Echinocereus triglochidiatus Echinocereus triglochidiatus Echinocereus triglochidiatus Echinocereus viridiflorus Echinocereus viridiflorus Echinocereus viridiflorus Echinocereus X lloydii Echinodermata ecological zones ecotypes ecozones ectoparasites Ectopistes migratorius education Egretta Egretta rufescens Egretta thula Eichhornia crassipes ejecta El Nino-Southern Oscillation Elanoides forficatus Elanus caeruleus Elaphe obsoleta Elaphe subocularis Elatobium abietinum electrical conductivity electromagnetic propagation (EM) Eleodes hispilabris elephant seal Elgaria multicarinatus elutriate bioassay Elymus capitatus Elymus cinereus Elymus cinereus Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus Elymus lanceolatus var. riparius Elymus mollis Elymus spicatus Elytrigia dasystachya Elytrigia repens var. repens Elytrigia ripara Elytrigia spicata Emberizidae Emerita talpoida Empidonax Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus Empidonax oberholseri Empidonax traillii Empidonax traillii extimus emplacement Encyclia bifida Encyclia papilionaceae endangered species Endothia parasitica Engelmann's prickly pear Engraulis mordax Enhydra Enhydra lutris Ensatina croceator ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) entomology environmental gradients environmental laws eolian Ephedra nevadensis Ephemeroptera Ephydridae Epidendrum bifidum Epidendrum brittonianum Epidonax difficilis Epigaea repens epigeal epigeic Epithelantha bokei Epithelantha micromeris var. bokei Eptesicus fuscus Equissetum Equus asinus Equus caballus Eremophila alpestris Erethizon dorsatum Erethizon dorsatum Eretomochelys imbricata Erica Ericaceae Ericameria bloomeri Erigeron Erigeron mimegletes Erigeron parishii Eriococcus carolinae Eriogonum Eriophyllum congdonii Eriophyllum nubigenum Erodium erosional channels eruptions Erysimum alliaria Erysimum concinnum Erythrina eggersii Erythrina horrida Erythronium albidum Erythronium albidum Erythronium albidum Erythronium americanum Erythronium americanum Erythronium rostratum Erythronium rostratum Erythronium rostratum escarpments Eschrictius robustus Eschscholzia californica Escobaria chaffeyi Escobaria dasyacantha Escobaria dasyacantha var. chaffeyi Escobaria dasyacantha var. dasyacantha Escobaria dasyacantha var. duncanii Escobaria leei Escobaria minima Escobaria orcuttii Escobaria sneedii var. leei Escobaria sneedii var. sneedii Escobaria tuberculosa Escobaria vivipara var. radiosa Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara Esocidae estuarine clam Etheostoma juliae Eucyclogobius newberryi Euderma maculatum Eudistylia vancouveri Eumeces and Scincella Eumeces fasciatus Eumeces inexpectatus Eumeces multivirgatus Eumeces skiltonianus Eumetopias jubatus Eumops perotis Euphausiaceae Euphorbia Euphorbia antisyphilitica Euphorbia chaetocalyx Euphorbia chaetocalyx Euphorbia golondrina Euphorbia golondrina Euphoria fascifera Euphydryas editha Eurasian watermilfoil European boar European elm scale Eurycea lucifuga Eurycea tynerensis Eutamia alpinus Eutamias Eutamias amoenus Eutamias canipes Eutamias minimus Eutamias speciosus Eutamias townsendii evapotranspiration evening bats (Vespertilioniodae) evolution (geologic) excavations extermination F facies Fagus americana Fagus ferruginea Fagus grandifolia Fagus grandifolia ssp. heterophylla Fagus grandifolia var. carliniana failure (geologic) Falco columbarius Falco mexicanus Falco peregrinus Falco rusticolus Falco sparverius Falconidae Fallugia paradoxa false agave (Hechtia scariosa) false dandelion false garlic false indigo (Baptisia leucophaea) Farancia abacura reinwardti fauna Faxon yucca (Yucca faxoniana) Fe fecal analysis fecal pellets Felidae Felis concolor Felis lynx Felis rufus fences Fendlera rupicola feral goats feral hogs feral horses feral sheep fertility control fertilization Festuca Festuca idahoensis Festuca ligulata Festuca ovina Ficus crassinervia Ficus trigonata fiddleleaf morning glory field sandbur Filix fragilis fine particulates fir-hemlock forest fire damage fire plots fire prediction fire weather fire willow firnification fish catch fleshy fungi flint flix weed flood hazard flood plain flora flowers flukes (Trematoda) Flyriella Fomes annosus FONSI forage foraging forbs foredunes forest grouse Forest Service forest types forestry formation (geologic) Formicidae fossil soils Fouqueria splendens splendens Fouquieria splendens fourwing saltbush fox squirrel foxtail fractionation fragile fern Frangula caroliniana Franseria chamissonis Fratercula cirrhata Fraxinus Fraxinus americana Fraxinus biltmoreana free-tailed bats (Molossidae) Fregatidae Fremont poplar Fremontodendron Fringillidae fruit flies fry fugitive constituents Fulica americana Fundulus grandis Fundulus heteroclitus fungus fur seal Galanthus nivalis Galium boreale Gallinago gallinago Gambusia Gambusia affinis Gambusia gaigei Gambusia senilis game game management Gammarida Gasteracantha cancriformis Gasterosteidae Gasterosteus aculeatus Gastrophilidae Gastropoda Gavia arctica Gavia immer Gaviidae Gaya violaceae Gaylussacia geese Geococcyx californianus Geococcyx conkingi geographic names geologic chronology geologic formations Geometridae Geomyidae Geomys arenarius Geomys bursarius Geomys personatus personatus geothermal energy Geothlypis trichas Geothlypis trichas sunuosa Geotrygon mystaceae Geranium maculatum Gerrhonotus coeruleus Gerrhonotus multicarinatus ghost crab giant dagger (Yucca carnerosana) giant hyssop giant water bugs giant wildrye Gila pandora Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii ginseng GIS glacial ablation glacial floods glacial moraines glacier outburst floods Glandularia canadensis Glaucidium gnoma Glaucomys Gleditsia tricanthos var. inermis global warming Glyceria borealis Glyceria pauciflora Glycine gracilis Glycine hispida Glycine max gnats goat moths goat's rue goldback fern golden algae golden harvest mouse goldenweed Gopherus agassizi Gopherus berlandieri goshawk GPS grama grass cactus Gramineae Grampus Grampus griseus Grapholita molesta grassbur grassy molly-red sage gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) gray owl gray squirrel great lobelia green pitaya cactus (Echinocereus viridiflorus) Grindelia Grossularia missouriensis groundhog groundsel Grus americana Grus canadensis Grylloblattodea Grylloblattodea Grylloblattodea Guadalupe chipmunk Gulo gulo Gulo luscus Gyalopion canum gymnosperms Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginanae Gyp moonpod gypsum sand H H2SO4 Habenaria grandiflora Habenaria lacera habitat restoration hackberry (Celtis) Hadenoecus subterraneus Haematobis ittitans Haematopodidae Haematopus bachmani Haematopus palliatus hair seals (Phocidae) Haliaeetus leucocephalus Halichoerus grypus Halodule beaudettei Halodule wrightii Halophila Halophila decipiens Halophila engelmannii Haltica bimarginata Hamamelis virginiana Haminoea vesicula hand-rearing Haplopappus bloomeri hard clam harebell hares harlequin quail Harpella nodosa Harpella vivipara Harperella fluviatilis harvest mites havard agave hawks hawksbill hazardous material exposure hazardous waste disposal hazardous waste exposure hazards HCO3- heart cockle heat flux Hechtia scariosa Hechtia scariosa Hechtia texensis Hedeoma apiculata Hedeoma apiculatum Hedera helix Hedriodiscus truquii Hedyotis caerulea Helianthus annuus Heliconiidae Helminthes helminths Hemerocallis fulva Hemidactylus turcicus Hemileuca nevadensis Hemiptera hemp Hepatica americana Hepatica hepatica Hepatica nobilis Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa Hepatica triloba var. americana Hepaticae Hepaticopsida herpetofauna Hesperiidae Hesperis matronalis Hesperoleucus symmetricus Hetaerina americana Heterobasidion annosum Heterodon platyrhinos Heteromyidae Heteroptera Hexalectris revoluta Hexalectris spicata Hexalectris spicata Hexalectris spicata Hg Hippodamia convergens Hirundo fulva Hirundo rustica Histeridae Histoplasma capsulatum Histrionicus histrionicus Holbrookia maculata Holbrookia propinqua Holbrookia texana Holcus halepensis Holodiscus discolor Holospira montivaga Homarus americanus home range Hordeum horned toads hornets hornets hornstone horsemint horses housing Houstonia caerulea Houstonia purpurea HS huckleberry (Vaccinium vacillans) human health human values human waste Humboldtiana agavophila Humboldtiana ultima humidity hurricane washovers Hybognathus amarus Hybopsis aestivalis Hydrastis canadensis Hydrilla verticillata Hydrobatidae Hydrocotyle bonariensis hydroelectric power hydrogeology Hydromantes platycephalus Hydropsyche brunneipennis Hygrophorus cantharellus Hyla arenicolor Hyla chrysocelis Hyla chrysoscelis Hyla cinerea Hyla crucifer Hyla regilla Hyla squirella Hyla versicolor Hyllolycaena hyllus Hylopharodon conocaphalus Hymenoptera Hymenoptera Hypentelium nigricans Hypera postica Hypericum anagalloides Hypericum densiflorum Hypericum perforatum Hypericum perforatum Hyperiida Hyphantria cunea Hypoxis hirsuta Icaricia icarioides ssp. ice insects (Grylloblattodea) ice worms (Oligochaeta) ichthyology Ictaluridae Ictalurus punctatus Icteridae Icterus parisorum Icterus wagleri identification Ilex glabra Ilex urbaniana Ilyanassa obsoletus Impatiens capensis Impatiens pallida impoundment Indian paintbrush Indian ricegrass infiltration (hydrology) injection Insecta Insectivora insolation interior least tern interstitial fauna intertidal zone introduced species intrusive Invertebrata IPM Ipomoea imperati Ipomoea stolonifera Ips confusus Ips grandicollis Ips lecontei Iridaceae Iridoprocne bicolor Iris cristata Iris cristata Iris pseudacorus Isoetes bolanderi Isopoda Isoptera Isotria Isotria medeoloides Isotria verticillata Ixodes dammini javelina jays jimmyfern job descriptions jokulhlaups Juglans Juglans nigra jumping cholla Juncaceae Junco hyemalis Juncus Juncus brachycarpus Juncus roemerianus Juniperus Juniperus californica Juniperus deppeana Juniperus flaccida Juniperus monosperma Juniperus occidentalis Juniperus osteosperma Juniperus scopulorum Juniperus virginiana Junonia K K-Ar dating Kalmia latifolia Kamloops trout (Salmo kamloops) katydids key king salmon Kinosternon Klamath weed beetle Kochia americana Kochia scoparia Kochia scoparia kokanee salmon Krascheninnikovia lanata Krigia dandelion lace fern Lacertilia Lacunidae Lagodon rhomboides Lagopus Lagopus leucurus Lagurus curtatus LAI Lama glama Lambdina fiscellaria Lamellicorn beetle family laminaria zone lamp shells Lampornis clemenciae Lampropeltis Lampropeltis getulus californiae Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki Lampropeltis getulus sticticeps Lampropeltis mexicana land acquisition land claims LANDSAT imagery Lanius ludovicianus large purple-fringed orchid Laridae Larinae Larix laricina Larix lyallii Larrea divaricata Larrea glutinosa Larrea tridentata Larrea tridentata var. tridentata Larus argentatus Larus canus Larus heermanni Larus marinus Larus occidentalis Larus ridibundus Lasionycteris noctivagans Lasiurus borealis Lasiurus cinereus Lasiurus seminolus Laspeyresia pomonella Late Cretaceous Laterallus jamaicensis Lathyrus littoralis Laurus albidus Layia carnosa leadplant (Amorpha) leaf beetles least daisy leather-flower leatherwood leaves Lechea maritima Lechea mensalis Lee's pincushion cactus Legenorhynchus obliquidens Legumonosae leiodid beetles Leiodidae Lemmiscus curtatus length lentic systems Lepidochelys kempi Lepidochelys kempii Lepidoptera Lepidosaphes ulmi Lepidospartum burgessii Lepisma saccharina Lepisosteus osseus Lepomis cyanellus Lepomis macrochirus Lepomis megalotis Leporidae Leptonycteris nivalis Lepus americanus Lepus californicus Lepus townsendii Lesquerella pallida Lessingia Leucaena retusa Leucanthemum vulgare Leucophysalis nana Leucophyx thula Leucosticte Leutkea pectinata Lewisia Lewisia congdonii Lewisia disepala Lewisia kelloggii Leymus arenarius ssp. mollis Leymus cinereus Leymus mollis Leymus mollis ssp. mollis Li Liatris Liatris Liatris Liatris squarrosa life cycle life zones light light requirements ligneous plants Lilium canadense Lilium philadelphicum Limenitis lorquini Limenitis weidemeyerii Limnodromus griseus Limnodromus scolapaceus Limnogeranus americanus Limnothlypis swainsonii Limosa fedoa Limulus polyphemus Lindera benzoin Lindera benzoin Liometopum luctuosum Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera Lissodelphis borealis Listera auriculata little tern livestock trespass Lloyd's Mariposa cactus Lobelia siphilitica local climate change loch leven trout locoweed locusts lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe Lolium perenne Lolium temulentum long-stemmed talinum long-tailed chickadee long-tailed harvest mouse Long Term Ecological Monitoring longevity longhorn cattle Lonicera japonica Lonicera sempervirens looper Lophortyx californicus californicus Lota lota lotic systems low-flying aircraft lower Carboniferous Loxigilla noctis Loxocles reclusa Loxosceles reclusa LTER Luetkea pectinata Lupinus Lupinus arboreus Lupinus lepidus Lutjanus cyanopterus Lutjanus griseus Lutra Lutra canadensis Luzula Lycaena thoe Lycaenidae Lychnis Lycium puberulum var. berberioides Lycopersicon Lycopersicon esculentum Lyctidae Lymantria dispar Lymantriidae Lynx canadensis Lynx rufus Lythrum salicaria Macoma inquinata Macoma nasuta Macrhybopsis aestivalis Macroclemys temminckii macrofossils macrofungi macroinvertebrates macrophytes Macrotus californicus Madia sativa magnetism (Memo) Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia tripetala Magnolia X soulangiana Mahonia trifoliolata Malaclemys terrapin Malacosoma americanum Malacosoma californicum Malacostraca Malospiza melodia gouldii Malospiza melodia graminea Malpighia angustifolia Malpighia infestissima Malpighia linearis Malpighia pallens Malpighia thompsonii Malpighia woodburyana Malus sylvestris (Memo) Mammalia Mammilaria nivosa Mammillaria Mammillaria dasyacantha Mammillaria nivosa Mammillaria wrightii Mammillaria wrightii Mammillaria wrightii Mammuthus management Manfreda virginica Mantidae Marah fabaceus mariculture mariculture marine algae marine birds marine grasses marine plants marine snails marine turtles Mariposa brush rabbit Mariposa chipmunk Marmota Marmota flaviventris Marmota monax Marmota monax monax marshgrass Marsupialia marten Martes americana Martes pennanti mass wasting Masticophis flagellum McKittrick pennyroyal (Hedeoma apiculatum) meadow grasses Mearns quail medusahead wildrye megachilid bees Megachilidae Megalops atlanticus Megaptera novaeangliae meiofauna Melanerpes erythrocephalus Melanochlamys diomedea Melanoplus sanguinipes Meleagris gallopavo Meleagris gallopavo merriami Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Melia azedarach Melopelia asiatica Melospiza melodia Melospiza melodia micronyx Menidia Menidia beryllina Menidia menidia Menippe mercenaria Mentzelia pumila Mephitis Mephitis mephitis Mercenaria Mercenaria campechiensis Mercenaria mercenaria Mercenaria mercenaria Mergus serrator Merriam's turkey (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) mescal bean (Sophora gypsophila) metalization meteorology Mexican duck Mexican fireweed (Kochia scoparia) Mexican free-tailed bat MgCO3 mice Micranthes micranthidifolia Micrathene whitneyi microclimate microfossils Microhaltica ambiens microleps microorganisms microphytic crusts Micropogonias undulatus Micropterus dolomieu Micropterus salmoides microtox bioassay Microtus longicaudus Microtus mexicanus guadalupensis Microtus montanus Microtus oregoni Microtus pennsylvanicus Microtus townsendii middens milkweed Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera Mimosa biuncifera Mimosa biunicifera mimosa tree (Albizia julibrissin) Mimulus Mimulus filicaulis minnows Miridae Mirounga angustirostris Mitrephanes phaeocercus mixed conifer forest Mn Mo moccasin flower modelling Mohave yucca moisture mole crab Mollusca Mollusca Molossidae Molossidae (free-tailed bats) Molothrus Molothrus aeneus Molothrus ater Monarda Monardella odoratissima Monilinia fructicola monocotyledons monoterpenes Montana grayling Montia chamissoi Morone chrysops moths mountain azalea mountain cliff fern mountain climbing mountain dogwood mountain mahogany mountain sheep mud snail Mugil curema Mugilidae Muhlenbergia rigens mulee cactus Mulinia lateralis Muridae murres Mus musculus Musci mushrooms musk thistle muskrat Mustela Mustela frenata Mustela nigripes Mustela vison Mustelidae Mutillidae Mya arenaria Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Mycophycophyta Myiarchus stolidus Myliobatis californica Mylopharodon conocephalus Myocastor coypus Myosotis macrosperma Myotis californicus Myotis ciliolabrum Myotis grisescens Myotis leibii Myotis lucifugus Myotis sodalis Myotis subulatus melanorhinus Myotis thysanodes Myotis velifer Myotis volans Myotis yumaensis Myrica Myrica cerifera Myrica cerifera Myriophyllum spicatum Myriophyllum spicatum Mysis relicta Mytilus Myxomycetes N Na NaCl names Narcissus pseudonarcissus National Atmospheric Deposition Program Native American Natrix rhombifera Natrix sipedon natural fire natural history Navarretia heterandra navigator shrew NDVI nearctic peregrine falcon Nectouxia formosa needle grass needle-leaf mountain mahogany needleminer Nelly cory cactus Nematoda Nematoda Nematoda Nematodes Nematomorpha Nemertea Neocene Neochetina bruchi Neochetina eichhorniae Neoconocephalus Neolloydia intertexta Neolloydia intertexta Neolloydia mariposensis Neomammillaria nivosa Neosorex palustris navigator Neotoma Neotoma albigula Neotoma cinerea Neotoma floridana Neotoma fuscipes Neotoma mexicana Neotoma micropus Neotoma micropus leucophaea NEPA Nerodia fasciata confluens Nerodia rhombifera Nerodia sipedon nest success Neviusia alabamensis New Mexican prickly pear newts Nezpar Indian ricegrass NH3 niche specialization Nicrophorus hecate Nintooa japonica nitrogen dioxide (NO2) noble gases Nocomis platyrhynchus (Memo) Noctuid moth Noctuidae Noctuidae nodding trillium Nolina Nolina arenicola nomenclature non-native species noncompliance North American deer tick northern barred owl northern coastal scrub northern three-toed woodpeckr northwestern pine marten Notholaena sinuata Notholaena sinuata Notholaena sinuata var. cochisensis Nothoscordum bivalve Nothrotheriops shastense Notodontidae Notostraca Notropis chihuahua Notropis jemezanus Notropis orca Notropis simus Notropis simus simus Noturus lachneri Novumbra hubbsi NTMB NTN Nucifraga columbiana Nudibranchia Numenius americanus Nyctea scandiaca Nycticeius humeralis Nycticorax nycticorax Nyctinomops femorosaccus Nymphalidae Nyssa sylvatica O O3 Occidryas editha Oceanodroma homochroa Oceanodroma leucorhoa Oceanodroma melania Ochlerotatus Ochotona princeps Ochotona schisticeps ssp. muiri Ochotonidae Ocypode quadrata Odocoileus hemionus Odocoileus hemionus crooki Odocoileus virginianus Odocoileus virginianus carminis Odonata Odontophorinae Odostomia oecorphorid moths Oenothera fruticosa Oestridae Off-Highway Vehicles OHV (Off-Highway Vehicles) oil wells oilfield brine Oligochaeta Oligochaeta Oligochaeta Ollia parvella Olor columbiana Oncorhynchus aguabonita Oncorhynchus clarki Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Oncorhynchus keta Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus nerka Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Memo) Ondatra zibethica Ondatra zibethicus onions Onychomys torridus Opheodrys Ophiobolus graminis Opiliones opilionids Opisthobranchs Oporornis tolmiei Opuntia Opuntia aureispina Opuntia bigelovii Opuntia engelmannii Opuntia imbricata Opuntia imbricata var. argentea Opuntia macrocentra Opuntia phaeacantha Opuntia phaeacantha var. major Opuntia phaecantha mojavensis orange jewelweed orangedoge Orchidaceae Orcinus orca Orconectes virilis Oreamnos americanus Oregon cancer crab (Cancer oregonensis) Oregon junco Oreohelix socorroensis Oreortyx picta Oreoscoptes montanus organochlorines organs ornithology Ortalis orthophosphate Orthoptera Orthoptera Orthoptera Orthorhyncus cristatus ORVs Oryctolagus cuniculus Oryx gazella Oryzomys palustris Oryzopsis hymenoides Oryzopsis kingii Osmerus mordax Osmia lignaria Ostracoda Ostrya chisosensis Ostrya virginiana var. chisosensis Otariidae (eared seals) Otus flammeolus Otus nudipes outburst floods overstory Ovis canadensis Ovis canadensis mexicana Ovis dalli owl pellets ox-eye daisy Oxalis violacea Oxydendrum arboreum Oxypolis ternata Oxytropis viscida Oxyura jamaicensis oyster farming Ozark yucca P P2O5 Pacific fisher Pacific loon packrat middens packrats Pagophila eburnea Pagrus pagrus Pagurus granosimanus PAHs paleoclimate paleoecology paleohydrology palynology Panax Panax quinquefolius Pandalus danae Pandalus danae Pandion haliaetus Panicum amarum Panicum angustifolium Panicum angustifolium Panicum orthophyllum Panonychus ulmi Panopeus herbsti pansy violet Papilio cresphontes Parabuteo unicinctus Paralichthys dentatus Paralichthys lethostigma Paralichthys squamilentus park addition park issues Parthenium incanum Parula Parulids Parulinae Paruroctonus utahensis Parus atricapillus Parus gambeli Parus inornatus Passeriformes passerines pathogens pathology Paulownia tomentosa paw paw Pb PCB, DDE, HCB PCBs peatlands peccaries (Tayassuidae) Pecosorbis kansasensis Pedicularis Pedicularis canadensis Pedicularis canadensis Pediocactus papyracanthus Pedioecetes phasianellus pedogenesis pelagic zooplankton Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Pelecanus occidentalis Pelecypoda pelecypods (Pelecypoda) Pelicanus Pelicanus occidentalis californicus pellet plots pellet transects pellets (owl) Penaeidae Penaeus aztecus Penaeus duorarum Penaeus setiferus Peniocereus greggii Peniocereus greggii var. greggii Penstemon cinereus Penstemon clutei Penstemon decurvus Penstemon humilis ssp. humilis Penstemon humilis var. deserticus Penstemon laevigatus Penstemon laevigatus Penstemon laevigatus Penstemon neotericus Penstemon purpusii Penstemon stephensii Pentagrama triangularis ssp. triangularis Pentagrama triangularis ssp. triangularis Penthestes atricapillus septentrionalis Perca flavescens Percina caprodes Perityle bisetosa Perityle bisetosa Perityle bisetosa permanent land points permanent plots permeability coefficient Perognathus Perognathus flavescens Perognathus flavescens apache Perognathus flavus Perognathus intermedius Perognathus nelsoni Peromyscus Peromyscus boylii Peromyscus difficilis Peromyscus eremicus Peromyscus gossypinus Peromyscus leucopus Peromyscus maniculatus Peromyscus maniculatus ? Peromyscus merriami Peromyscus pectoralis Peromyscus truei Persica vulgaris Persicaria hydropiper persimmon personnel Petrochelidon fulva Petrochelidon pyrrhonota petrogenesis petrography petroleum drilling petroleum exploration petroleum spills Petromyzontidae Phacelia hirsuta Phacelia hirsuta Phaeophyceae Phainopepla nitens Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax auritus Phalacrocorax carbo Phalacrocorax pelagicus Phalacrocorax penicillatus Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Phaseolus max Phasmatidae Phenacomys intermedius Pheucticus melanocephalus Phleum alpinum Phleum commutatum phlox Phlox divaricata Phlox nivalis Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis Phlox pilosa Phlox subulata Phoca vitulina Phocidae Phocidae (hair seals) Phocoena phocoena Phocoenidae Phocoenoides dalli Phoenicopterus ruber photostations Phoxinus cumberlandensis Phragmites australis Phragmites communis Phrynosoma Phrynosoma cornutum Phrynosoma douglassii Phrynosoma modestum Phyllodoce empetriformis Phyllostachys aurea physiography phytocoenology Phytomyza ilicis Pica nuttalli Picea Picea engelmannii Picea glauca Picea rubens Picea sitchensis Picidae Picoides albolarvatus Picoides borealis Picoides scalaris Picoides tridactylus pigeon hawk pigs Pimephales promelas pincushion cactus pine-oak Pinnipedia pinon pine pintail duck Pinus Pinus Pinus albicaulis Pinus aristata Pinus attenuata Pinus banksiana Pinus cembroides Pinus contorta Pinus contorta var. murrayana Pinus echinata Pinus edulis Pinus elliottii Pinus flexilis Pinus jeffreyi Pinus lambertiana Pinus monophylla Pinus muricata Pinus murrayana Pinus palustris Pinus ponderosa Pinus radiata Pinus remota Pinus strobiformis Pinus strobus Pinus strobus Pinus sylvestris Pinus taeda Pinus virginiana pinyon mouse pinyon pine Pipilo Pipilo erythrophthalmus Pipilo fuscus Pipistrelle subflavus Pipistrellus hesperus Pipistrellus subflavus Piranga ludoviciana Pisaster ochraceus Pissodes approximatus Pituophis melanoleucus Pitymys pinetorum Pityophthorus PL 88-577 Planes cyaneus plant associations plant cover plant physiology Platanthera lacera var. lacera Platanus occidentalis Platanus occidentalis Plecoptera Plecotus rafinesquii Plecotus townsendii Plecotus townsendii ingens Plecotus townsendii virginianus Plegadis chihi Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp. polypodioides Plethodon cinereus Plethodon glutinosus Plethodon neomexicanus Plethodon vandykei Pleuronectidae Plusiotis gloriosa Pneumonic plague PO4 Poa Poa sandbergii Poa secunda Poa strictiramea Poaceae Podilymbus podiceps Podophyllum peltatum Pogonias cromis Pogonomyrmex Pogonomyrmex barbatus Pogonomyrmex maricopa pogy poison ivy poisonous species Polemoniaceae Poliomintha incana Polioptila caerulea Pollicipes polymerus pollution sources Polychaeta Polycladida Polygonum hyropiper polylchlorinated biphenyls Polyodon spathula Polypodium polypodioides Polystichum munitum Pomoxis Pomoxis annularis ponds pools poorwill Popillia japonica population status Populus Populus Populus Populus angustifolia Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa Populus deltoides Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni Populus fremontii Populus tremuloides Populus trichocarpa Populus trichocarpa Populus wislizeni porcupine Porifera Porites astreoides Porites porites Potamogeton natans Potassium-Argon dating Potentilla canadensis Potentilla glandulosa Potentilla glandulosa Potentilla recta prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) pre-European settlement vegetation pre-settlement vegetation pressure ridges prickly pear primitive forest Primula suffrutescens Pristophora erichsonii problem animals Prociphilus imbricator Procyon lotor produced water prograding delta Prosopis Prosopis glandulosa protection Protothaca Protothaca (clam) Protothaca stamina Protothaca staminea Prunus baccata x prunifolia Prunus persica Prunus serotina Psaltriparus minimus Pseudacris crucifer Pseudacris triseriata Pseudemys concinna Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. spicata Pseudoscorpionida Pseudotsuga menziesii Pseudotsuga taxifolia Psocoptera Psychoglypha Pteridaceae Pteridophyta Pterodrama Pterodroma inexpectata Ptilagrostis kingii Ptilimnium fluviatile Ptilimnium nodosum Ptilimnium viviparium Ptychocheilus grandis Ptychoramphus aleuticus Puccinellia howellii Pueraria lobata Pueraria montana var. lobata Puffinus griseus pumice grapefern pumped storage purple bluet Purshia mexicana Purshia tridentata pygmy owls Pylodictis olivaris Pyralidae Pyrrhalta luteola Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Pythium aphanidermatum quadruplets quail dove Quercus Quercus alba Quercus falcata Quercus gambelii Quercus graciliformis Quercus grisea Quercus hinckleyi Quercus kelloggii Quercus laurifolia Quercus montana Quercus prinus Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Quercus stellata Quercus tardifolia Quercus turbinella Quercus velutina Quercus virginiana raccoon radiant flux radio-carbon dating radio collars radio tracking ragged orchid rain rainbow hedgehog cactus rainfall Rainier meadow mouse Rallus Rallus longirostris (Memo) Rana aurora Rana aurora aurora Rana aurora draytoni Rana berlandieri Rana boylei Rana catesbeiana Rana muscosa Rana palustris Rana pipiens Rana pretiosa Rana utricularia Rangea cuneata rangeland Ranunculus Ranunculus aquatilis Ranunculus bulbosus Ranunculus fascicularis Ranunculus flammula rats raven Rb-SR Recurvirostra americana red bat red cedar red fir red haw (Crataegus) red heather red imported fire ant red mangrove red-naped sapsucker redbud redbugs Reduviidae Regulus calendula rehabilitation Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys fulvescens Reithrodontomys megalotis Reptilia Resource Conservation Recovery Act resurrection plant Reticulitermes flavipes Rhamnus caroliniana Rhinichthys cataractae Rhizocarpon geographicum Rhizophora mangle Rhizoplaca melanophtalma (lichen) Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Rhizopoda Rhizoprionodon terraenovae Rhododendron Rhododendron occidentale Rhododendron prinophyllum Rhodophyta Rhomboplites aurorubens Rhopalocera Rhus aromatica Rhus radicans Rhus trilobata Rhyzopertha dominica ribbed toad Ribes cereum Ribes missouriense Ribes velutinum rice rat Richard's antler fern Ridgwayia pinicola ringneck snake riparian river cane river otter Rn RNA roadrunner robin rock rock ages rock climbing rock hazards Rocky Mountain elk Rodentia Roegneria spicata Roosevelt elk root and butt rot root rot rootworms Rosa carolina Rosa multiflora Rotala ramosior Rotifera rough-winged swallow royal paulownia Rubus Rubus Rubus Rubus allegheniensis Rubus discolor Rubus flagellaris Ruppia maritima Russian knapweed Russian thistle ryegrass Rynchops Rynchops niger niger S Sabal minor sac fungi sagebrush lizard Sagina Salientia saline water Salix Salix caroliniana Salix nigra Salix scouleriana Salmo clarki Salmo clarki virginalis Salmo gairdneri Salmo gairdneri Salmo kamloops Salmo mykiss Salmo salar Salmo trutta Salmonidae Salpinctes obsoletus Salsola kali Salsola kali tenuifolia salt peter saltwater ponds Salvadora Salvelinus Salvelinus confluentus Salvelinus fontinalis Salvelinus malma Salvia Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana Salvia lyrata Salvia sonomensis Sameodes albiguttalis San Joaquin mole sand fiddler crab sand lobster sand movement on sand dunes sand sacahuista sand temperature Sandberg's pincushion cactus sandy substrate Sanguinaria canadensis Sanguinaria canadensis var. rotundifolia sanitation Santa Cruz Island scrub jay Sapium sebiferum Sarathamnus scoparius Sarcodes sanguinea Sarracenia sarracenia bogs Sarracenia flava Sassafras albidum Sauria saw grass saw-whet owl sawgrass Saxifraga micranthidifolia Saxifraga tischii saxifrage scales Scalopus aquaticus Scapanus latimanus Scapanus townsendii Scaphiopus couchii Scaphiopus holbrookii Scapteriscus didactylus Scarabaeidae scarlet cordia tree Sceloporus Sceloporus graciousus Sceloporus magister Sceloporus merriami Sceloporus occidentalis Sceloporus poinsetti Sceloporus undulatus scenery Schistostega pennata Schizachyrium scoparium Sciaenops ocellatus Scincella lateralis Scirpus olneyi Scirpus olneyi Sciuridae Sciurus carolinensis Sciurus niger Sciurus niger cinereus Sclerocactus intertextus var. intertextus Sclerocactus mariposensis Sclerocactus mesae-verdae Sclerocactus papyracanthus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Scolopacidae Scolytidae Scolytus ventralis Scomberomorus maculatus Scombridae scorpion-weed (Phacelia hirsuta) Scorpiones scotch attorney Scrophulariaceae Scyllarus depressus Se sea catfish sea grasses sea lions sea spray sea stars sea walnuts seagrass flats seagulls seaweeds Sebastes Sebastes Sebesten sebestena Secale Sedum seed germination seepage seismic surveys Selaginella lepidophylla Selasphorus platycercus Selasphorus rufus Selasphorus sasin Selinocarpus lanceolatus SEM Senecio aureus Senecio neowebsteri Senecio tomentosus senescence septic tanks Septicemic plague Sequoia Sequoia giganteum Sequoia sempervirens Sequoiadendron giganteum Serpentes Sesuvium portulacastrum sex differences shallow subtidal zone sharpnose shark shells Shepherdia Shepherdia rotundifolia shoalgrass shoalgrass beds shooting star short-fruited rush short-podded thelypodium short-tailed shrew Sialia currucoides Sibbaldia procumbens Sida hermaphrodita Sierra grouse Sierra junco Sierra marmot Sierra mountain beaver Sierra yellow-legged frog sightings Sigmodon hispidus Sigmodon ochrognathus silage crop residue Silene Silene parryi Silene subciliata Silene suksdoffii Silene suksdorfii Silene virginica siliceous sponges Siliqua Siluriformes silver fir silver salmon Simmondsia californica Simmondsia chinensis Simuliidae SiO2 SiO2 SiO2 Siphonaptera Sistrurus Sisymbrium alliaria Sisymbrium sophia Sisyrinchium Sisyrinchium atlanticum Sisyrinchium elmiri Sitta canadensis Sitta carolinensis oberholseri skimmers (Rynchops) skunkbush slender crab slim footed agave sloths small-footed myotis small leaved agastache small leaved agastache small whorled pogonia smooth brain coral snow ablation snow albedo SO4 soap root social myotis sodium nitrate soil classification soil erosion soil pH soil stabilization Soja hispida Soja max Solanaceae Solenopsis solid phase bioassay Solidago sempervirens soliflucation Somateria mollissima sooty grouse Sophia sophia Sophora gypsophila Sophora gypsophila Sophora gypsophila var. guadalupensis Sorex palustris Sorex vagrans Sorghum halepense Sorghum miliaceum Soricidae southern bald eagle southern drill southern gray tree frog southern maidenhair fern southern pine engraver southern sea otter southwestern dwarf mistletoe sparrow hawk Spartina Spartina alterniflora Spartina patens Spartina patens Spartium junceum spear thistle species decline species introduction species reintroduction specific conductance specimen collecting spectrophotometry Specularia perfoliata Specularia perfoliata speleology Speleorchestes Spelerpes platycephalus Speotyto cunicularia Spermophilus Spermophilus beecheyi Spermophilus beldingi Spermophilus lateralis Spermophilus spilosoma Spermophilus variegatus Speyeria zerene myrtleae Sphaeralcea Sphaeralcea ambigua Sphecidae Sphingidae Sphyrapicus varius Sphyrna tiburo spicebush (Lindera benzoin) spider lily spiderwort spiked wheatgrass spikegrass Spilogale Spilogale gracilis Spilogale interrupta Spilogale putorius Spiranthes parksii Spiza americana Spizella atrogularis spoil banks spores Sporobolus airoides Sporozoa spot anthracnose spotted deer spotted owl spotted skunk spring beauty squaw currant squawgrass Sr St. Johnswort Stachydeoma graveolens Stachys cordata Stachys muttallii Stachys riddellii Stachys salvioides Stachys subcordata staphylinid beetles Staphylinidae star chickweed starlings status steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) Stelgidopteryx serripennis Stellar seal lion Stellaria media Stellaria pubera steller sea lion Stenopelmatus fuscus steppe bluegrass Stercorarius pomarinus Sterna antillarum Sterna caspia Sterna dougallii Sterna forsteri Sterna fuscata Sterna hirundo Sterna maxima Sterna nilotica Sterna paaradiseae Sterna paradiseae Sterna sandvicensis Sterninae Sternotherus odoratus sticky cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa) stinging bush Stipa comata Stizostedion vitreum stock stone crab Storeria occipitomaculata obscura stream channel streamflow streams Streptanthus cutleri Streptanthus maculatus Strigiformes Strix nebulosa Strix occidentalis caurina Strix occidentalis lucida Strix varia Strobus strobus Sturnella neglecta Sturnus vulgaris Styloxus bicolor Styloxus bicolor Styrax grandifolius subalpine meadows submarine fans subtidal grass flats subtidal zone Subularia aquatica Suidae (old world swine) sulfur dioxide (SO2) sulphur sun hours sundrops supratidal zone surface water survey survival rates Sus scrofa suspended particulates suspended solids swallow-tailed kite swans swift fox sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Sylvilagus Sylvilagus audubonii Sylvilagus bachmani Sylvilagus floridanus Sylvilagus idahoensis Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos guadalupensis Synanthedon exitosa Synanthedon pictipes Synaptomys cooperi Syncaris pacifica Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Synthyris Synthyris pinnatifida Syringodium filiforme Syringodium filiformis Syrphidae T&E species Tabanidae Tachardiella larrae Tadarida brasiliensis Tadarida femorosacca Tadarida macrotis Taeniatherum caput-medusae tag alder (Alnus serrulata) Talinum longipes tall indian paintbrush Talpidae tamarisk Tamarix Tamias Tamias alpinus Tamias amoenus Tamias canipes Tamias merriami Tamias minimus Tamias quadrivittatus Tamias speciosus Tamias townsendii Tamiasciurus douglasi Tantilla rubra cucullata Tantilla rubra diabola tapirs Tapirus Tardigrada tardigrades Taricha Taricha granulosa Taricha torosa Taxidea taxus Taxodiaceae Taxodium Taxodium distichum Tayassu tajacu Tayassuidae Tayassuidae (peccaries) tear blanket teasel Tegeticula yuccasella telemetry teleosts Tenaya blue-bellied lizard Tenebrionidae tent caterpillars tephra Tephrosia virginiana Terebra protexta Teredo navalis Terrapene carolina Terrapene ornata terrestrial snails Testudines Tetraonidae Texas sugar berry Texas trailing phlox Thais haemastoma floridana Thais lapillus Thalassia testudina Thalictrum thalictroides Thalictum Thamnophis marcianus Theclinae Thelypodium brachycarpum Theraphosidae thermal activity thermal regulation thermal springs thinhorn sheep Thomomys bottae thoron three-leaf cowbane three-leaf sumac three square grass (Scirpus olneyi) Thryomanes bewickii Thuja plicata Thurber's junco Thymallus arcticus Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Thysanoptera Tiaris bicolor ticks tidal flats tidal waves tidal zone tidelands Tilia americana Tilia relicta till Tillandsia recurvata Tillandsia recurvata Tillandsia recurvata Tillandsia usneoides Tineidae Tipulidae toads TOC Tolmie warbler tooth-cup Torreya californica Torreyochloa pallida var. pauciflora tortoises Tortricidae total dissolved solids total suspended solids (TSS) Toumeya papyracantha tourism toxic waste Toxicodendron Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans toxics Toxostoma bendirei Toxostoma lecontei Tradescantia hirsuticaulis Transennella tantilla transgressive depositional environments transparency transport tree invasion tree rings Trelease's Larkspur Trematoda Trematoda Triatoma protracta Trichechus manatus Trichoptera Trifolium bolanderi Trillium cernuum Trillium grandiflorum Trillium ovatum ssp. oettingeri Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum Trimorphodon biscatus vilkinsoni Triodanis perfoliata var. perfoliata triplets Triteleia crocea var. crocea Trochilidae troglobiont troglobiotic Trombiculidae trophobiosis trout trout lily true bugs true fir trumpet vine Trypanosoma cruzi TSS (total suspended solids) Tsuga Tsuga canadensis Tsuga heterophylla Tsuga mertensiana Tuber tulip poplar tunnels tupelo Turdus migratorius turkey Tursiops truncatus twins two-bristle perityle (Perityle bisetosa) two-winged flies Tympanuchus phasianellus Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus Typha Typha latifolia Typhlotriton spelaeus Tyrannus crassirostris Tyto alba U U-Pb dating Uca pugilator Ulmus Ulmus americana Ulmus pumila ultrabasic Umbellularia Umbellularia oregonensis Umbridae Umbrina coroides underwater depth Uniola paniculata Uniola spicata upland plover upper canopy uranium-lead dating urbanization Uria Uria aalge Urochordata Urocyon cinereoargenteus Urocyon cinereoargenteus Urocyon cinereoargenteus Urosaurus ornatus Ursidae Ursus americanus Ursus americanus eremicus Ursus americanus luteolus Ursus arctos Ursus horribilis use UST's Uta stansburiana Utah bulbet fern utilities UV light Uvularia grandiflora Vaccinium pallidum Vaccinium vacillans Vaccinium vacillans Vallisneria Van Denburgh lizard Vanessa cardui variegated milkweed (Asclepias variegata) vascular plants vegetation zones vehicular traffic Venturia inaequalis Venturiella sinensis Venus' looking glass (Specularia perfoliata) Veratrum californicum Verbascum Verbascum thapsus Verbena canadensis Verbena canadensis vermes Vermivora Vermivora celata Vermivora celata celata Vermivora chrysoptera Vermivora crissalis Vermivora pinus Vermivora ruficapilla Vermivora, Parula, and Dendroica Veronica cusickii vertebrates Vespertilioniodae Vespertilioniodae (evening bats) Vespidae Vespinae Viburnum rufidulum Vicia view Viola adunca Viola canadensis Viola guadalupensis Viola papilionacae Viola pedata Viola pubescens var. pubescens Viola sororia Vireo atricapillus Vireo bellii Vireo gilvus Vireo huttoni carolinae Vireo vicinior Vireonidae virgin forest virgin's bower Viscaceae visitor use vistas Vitis aestivalis Vogtia malloi volatile matter volcanic ejecta volcanic field volcanic mudflows volcanic tuff Vulpes velox Vulpes vulpes Wahlbergella parryi walkingstick cholla Wallia nigra Wapiti Washington clam Washingtonia filifera wasps waste disposal waste disposal wastewater water chemistry water circulation water conservation water consumption water density water hyacinth water pollution water supply water table waterdogs watermilfoil wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) western box turtle western cliff fern western fence lizard western sage grouse western yellow pine wheatgrass whistling swan white-flowered viznagita (Neolloydia intertexta) white pelican white trillium wild aster (Aster paucicapitatus) wild false garlic wild garlic wild plum wild rose wild verbena (Verbena canadensis) wildfires wildlife wildrye (Elymus cinereus) Wilson's snipe Wilsonia citrina Wilsonia pusilla wind erosion wind flower wiregrass (Spartina patens) wister coralfoot (Corallorhiza wisteriana) Wisteria sinensis witch hazel Wittmackia lingulata wood betony (Pedicularis canadensis) wood-pewee woodland woodland vole Woodsia oregana Woodsia scopulina woody debris woody plants Wright's fishook cactus (Mammillaria wrightii) x-ray diffraction Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Xantusia riversiana Xantusia vigilis Xerophyllum tenax Xylocopa Y yarrow yellow dog-tooth violet yellow eye yellow fawn lily yellow-haired porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) yellow iris yellow poplar yellow stargrass yellow violet Yersinia pestis Yosemite cony Yucca arkansana Yucca brevifolia Yucca carnerosana Yucca carnerosana Yucca elata Yucca faxoniana Yucca faxoniana Yucca schidigera Yucca torreyi Zalophus californianus Zanthoxylum thomasianum Zapodidae Zapus hudsonius Zapus princeps Zapus trinotatus Zapus trinotatus orarius Zapus trinotatus orarius Zapus trinotatus orarius zebras Zeiraphera diniana Zenaida asiatica Zenaida macroura Zn Zonotrichia atricapilla Zonotrichia leucophrys Zonotrichia leucophrys ssp. zoogeography Zostera Zostera marina ACEC Alosa sapidissima Ameiva polops Ammospermophilus leucurus Amphisbaena Anguilla rostrata Anolis Anolis acutus Anolis cristatellus Ascidia nigra Aythya valisineria Balistes vetula banded gecko Bartholomea annulata blue land crab Bodianus rufus Bufo punctatus California sugar pine Callipepla californica Callyspongia vaginalis Calocedrus Cardinalis cardinalis Cardisoma guanhumi Cathartes aura Cathartidae Cephalopholis fulva Chaetodon capistratus Chondrilla nucula Cinclus mexicanus Coleonyx variegatus Corvus brachyrhynchos cranefly orchid Crotalus cerastes Crotalus viridis Crotalus viridis oreganus Cyphoma gibbosum Dasyatis americana Dipodomys Dipodomys heermanni Dipodomys microps Dipsosaurus dorsalis Douglas spruce dwarf juniper Empidonax minimus Epicrates monenesis granti Epicrates monensis Epinephelus fulvus Epinephelus striatus Esox masquinongy Esox niger Eumops fringe-toed lizard Glaucomys sabrinus Gleditsia triacanthos Gopherus agassizii Haemulon flavloineatum Haliclona rubens Herpestes auropunctatus hillocks Ictalurus natalis Ictalurus nebulosus iguana Ipomoea cairica Ircinia strobilina Juniperus communis Lasiurus ega Lepomis auritus Lepomis gibbosus Lepomis gulosus Lepomis microlophus Leucosticte arctoa libocedrus Lutjanus synagris Melanerpes carolinus Melanitta perspicillata Microtus californicus mongoose Morone americana Mustela nivalis Myotis lucifugus Neotoma fuscipes Neotoma lepida Notemigonus crysoleucas Notropis cornutus Ocyurus chrysurus Oryzomys palustris Otus asio Panulirus argas Parulinae Periclimenes pedersoni Periclimenes yucatanicus Perognathus Perognathus longimembris Perognathus parvus pillow stinking sponge Pinus lambertiana pinyon pine Piranga olivacea Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum perfoliatum Pomoxis nigromaculatus Pseudotsuga mucronata Rana aurora Rana aurora draytonii rats Rattus rattus Sauromalus obesus Scaptochelys agassizii Scaridae Scarus vetula screech owl Seiurus aurocapillus Semotilus corporalis Sialia mexicana Sialia sialis Sierra rosy finch Sigmodontinae Sorghum propinquum Sphaerodactylus Sphyraena barracuda spiny lobster Stenoderma rufum Stenorhynchus seticornis Thuja occidentalis Tipularia discolor Turdinae Uma inornata valley quail Vireo olivaceus vultures water ouzel western goshawk Xerobates agassizii copulation beach debris yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) elephant-eared kangaroo rat ACEC Adenostoma fasciculatum Adenostoma sparsifolium alien species Alosa sapidissima Ambystoma jeffersonianum Ambystoma talpoideum Ameiva polops Ammospermophilus leucurus Amphisbaena Anguilla rostrata Anolis Anolis acutus Anolis cristatellus Antrozous pallidus Ascidia nigra Aythya valisineria Balistes vetula banded gecko Bartholomea annulata Belding's savannah sparrow blue land crab Bodianus rufus Branta bernicla Bucephala albeola Bufo punctatus Buteo platypterus California black walnut (Juglans californica) California gray squirrel California gray squirrel California sugar pine Callipepla californica Callyspongia vaginalis Calocedrus Cardinalis cardinalis Cardisoma guanhumi Cathartes aura Cathartidae Ceanothus megacarpus Ceanothus spinosus celestine Cephalopholis fulva Chaetodon capistratus Chondrilla nucula Chrysemys picta Chysemys picta picta Cinclus mexicanus coastal live oak coastal sage Coleonyx variegatus common crow Coragyps atratus Cordylanthus maritimus maritimus Cortaderia Corvus brachyrhynchos cranefly orchid Crotalus cerastes Crotalus horridus Crotalus viridis Crotalus viridis oreganus Cyphoma gibbosum Dasyatis americana Dipodomys Dipodomys heermanni Dipodomys microps Dipsosaurus dorsalis Douglas spruce dwarf juniper Egretta alba Elymus Empidonax minimus Epicrates monenesis granti Epicrates monensis Epinephelus fulvus Epinephelus striatus Esox masquinongy Esox niger Eucyclogobius newberryi Eumops Eurycea bislineata fringe-toed lizard Gambusia affinis Glaucomys sabrinus Gleditsia triacanthos Gopherus agassizii habitat linkages Haemulon flavloineatum Haliclona rubens Hemizonia minthornii Herpestes auropunctatus hillocks Hyla cadaverina Ictalurus natalis Ictalurus nebulosus iguana Ipomoea cairica Ircinia strobilina Juglans californica Juglans californica Juniperus communis Lampropeltis zonata Lasiurus ega Lepomis auritus Lepomis gibbosus Lepomis gulosus Lepomis microlophus Leucosticte arctoa Leucosticte tephrocotis libocedrus Lutjanus synagris Malosma laurina medicinal plants Melanerpes carolinus Melanitta nigra Melanitta perspicillata Microstomus pacificus Microtus californicus mongoose Morone americana mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) mountain kingsnake Mustela nivalis Myotis evotis Myotis lucifugus nannofossils Neotoma fuscipes Neotoma lepida nomenclature Notemigonus crysoleucas Notophthalmus viridescens Notropis cornutus Ocyurus chrysurus Oryzomys palustris Otus asio Pacific pallid bat Panulirus argas Parulinae Passerculus beldingi Pentachaeta lyonii Periclimenes pedersoni Periclimenes yucatanicus Perognathus Perognathus longimembris Perognathus parvus Pholadidae pillow stinking sponge Pinus lambertiana pinyon pine Piranga olivacea Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis Platanus racemosa Podophyllum peltatum Polygonum perfoliatum Pomoxis nigromaculatus Procambarus clarkii Pseudemys rubriventris Pseudotsuga mucronata Quercus agrifolia Quercus douglasii Quercus lobata Rana aurora Rana aurora draytonii Rana cascadae Rana sylvatica rats Rattus rattus red-spotted newt ring-tailed cat Salvia mellifera Satyrium auretorum fumosum Sauromalus obesus Scaptochelys agassizii Scaridae Scarus vetula Sciurus griseus screech owl Seiurus aurocapillus Semotilus corporalis Sialia mexicana Sialia sialis Sierra rosy finch Sigmodontinae Sorghum propinquum species of concern Sphaerodactylus Sphyraena barracuda Sphyrna lewini spiny lobster Stenoderma rufum Stenorhynchus seticornis Sternotherus odoratus Strix occidentalis Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Thuja occidentalis Tipularia discolor Turdinae Uma inornata valley oak (Quercus lobata) valley quail Viero bellii pusillus Vireo olivaceus vultures water ouzel western goshawk Xerobates agassizii Ashy phacelia Clathrina blanca Convolvulus binghamiae Convolvulus sepium var. dumetorum Foeniculum foeniculum Gnaphalium luteo-album Quamoclidion laevis Oxybaphus laevis Mirabilis laevis Thysanocarpus laciniatus var. conchuliferus California sea mussel mole crab Australian fireweed beach spectacle-pod boxthorn bracken bright green dudleya Bromus madritensis Anisantha rubens Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens California morning glory Cercocarpus betuloides var. traskiae Cercocarpus montanus var. traskiae Eriogonum rubescens Eriogonum latifolium var. rubescens Eriogonum grande var. dunklei Eriogonum grande ssp. rubescens Eriogonum rubescens Isocoma vernonioides Haplopappus venetus ssp. vernonioides Isocoma veneta var. vernonioides Hordeum glaucum Hordeum stebbinsii Critesion murinum ssp. glaucum ironwood Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis island jepsonia Island morning-glory Island poppy Island tarplant live oak Lotus argophyllus var. ornithopus, Hosckia ornithopa Malvastrum arcuatum Malvastrum fasciculatum Malvastrum hallii Malvastrum mendocinense Malvastrum nesioticum Malva fasciculata Malacothamnus hallii Malvastrum nesioticum var. nuttallii Malacothrix implicata Mimulus parviflorus Mimulus flemingii Mimulus longiflorus Mimulus glutinosus var. brachypus Diiplacus arachnoideus Pinus radiata var. binata purple needlegrass Stipa pulchra San Diego County needle grass San Nicolas Island buckwheat San Nicolas Island lomatium Santa Barbara Island buckwheat Santa Barbara Island cream cups Platystemon californicus var. ciliatus Arctostaphylos subcordata var. confertiflora Santa Rosa Island soft-leaved paintbrush seablite seaside daisy Soledand pine Trask's locoweed Phacelia distans Baccharis pilularis Cakile maritima Calystegia sepium ssp. binghamiae Foeniculum vulgare Hemizonia clementina Horkelia parryi Mirabilis californica var. californica Thysanocarpus conchuliferus Blepharipoda occcidentalis Brachyura Mytilus californianus Panulirus interruptus Emerita analoga Adenostoma fasciculatum Ambrosia chamissonis Arabis hoffmannii Artemisia californica Astragalus miguelensis Atriplex semibaccata Erechtites glomerata Avena barbata Avena fatua Dithyrea maritima Pinus muricata Dudleya blochmaniae subspecies insularis Lycium californicum Pteridium aquilinum Dudleya virens Bromus rubens Calystegia macrostegia ssp. macrostegia Caloplaca Lyonothamnus floribundus Ceanothus megacarpus Ceanothus verrucosus Centaurea solstitialis Cercocarpus traskiae Chenopodium murale Cirsium brevistylum Cirsium occidentale Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus Coreopsis gigantea Dendromecon Dendromecon rigida Dudleya greenei Dudleya nesiotica Dudleya traskiae Zostera marina Leymus condensatus Erechtites glomerata Eriogonum grande var. rubescens Eriogonum arborescens Eriogonumm giganteum var. compactum Erodium cicutarium Erysimum insulare Epilobium angustifolium Galium buxifolium Galium californicum ssp. miguelense Galium nuttallii ssp. nuttallii Gilia nevinii Gilia tenuiflora Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii Grindelia camporum var. camporum Isocoma menziesii var. vernonioides Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum Mesembryanthemum Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Eusideroxylon Mahonia pinnata ssp. insularis Jepsonia malvifolia Calystegia macrostegia ssp. smplissima Quercus tomentella Eschscholzia ramosa Hemizonia clementina Jepsonia malvifolia Lavatera assurgentiflora Lavatera cretica Quercus agrifolia Lotus argophyllus var. argenteus Lycium californicum Lyonothamnus floribundus ssp. aspleniifolius Malacothamnus fasciculatus Malacothrix foliosa Malacothrix incana Malacothrix indecora Malacothrix polycephala Malacothrix saxatilis var. implicata Malacothrix similis Malva parviflora Diplacus parviflorus Diplacus longiflorus Brassica Gilia nevinii Opuntia littoralis Opuntia oricola Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba Phacelia insularis Pinus muricata Pentagrama triangularis ssp. triangularis Polypodium scouleri Prunus ilicifolia Psora pacifica Nassella pulchra Quercus chrysolepis Quercus doublassiiK Quercus dumosa Quercus lobata Quercus parvula Quercus tomentella Quercus wislizeni Raphanus Rhus integrifolia Lycium verrucosum Eriogonum grande var. timorum Lomatium insulare Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum Arctostaphylos confertiflora Castilleja mollis Suaeda californica Erigeron glaucus Silybum marianum Phyllospadix torreyi Phyllospadix scouleri Pinus torreyana Cryptantha traskiae Astragalus traskiae (Memo)